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Gene expression data for a set of 12 localizations from The Cancer Genome Atlas are processed in order to evaluate an entropy-like magnitude allowing the characterization of tumors and comparison with the corresponding normal tissues. The comparison indicates that the number of available states in gene expression space is much greater for tumors than for normal tissues and points out to a scaling relation between the fraction of available states and the overlapping between the tumor and normal sample clouds.
A principal component analysis of the TCGA data for 15 cancer localizations unveils the following qualitative facts about tumors: 1) The state of a tissue in gene expression space may be described by a few variables. In particular, there is a single
Complex biological functions are carried out by the interaction of genes and proteins. Uncovering the gene regulation network behind a function is one of the central themes in biology. Typically, it involves extensive experiments of genetics, biochem
In unicellular organisms such as bacteria the same acquired mutations beneficial in one environment can be restrictive in another. However, evolving Escherichia coli populations demonstrate remarkable flexibility in adaptation. The mechanisms sustain
Solute transport is modeled using mixture theory, applied to the nanoparticle accumulation and concentration decay in the tissue space for different vascular configurations. A comparison of a single capillary configuration (SBC) with two parallel cyl
I provide a simple estimation for the number of macrophages in a tissue, arising from the hypothesis that they should keep infections below a certain threshold, above which neutrophils are recruited from blood circulation. The estimation reads Nm=a N