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We study periodic steady states of a lattice system under external cyclic energy supply using simulation. We consider different protocols for cyclic energy supply and examine the energy storage. Under the same energy flux, we found that the stored energy depends on the details of the supply, period and amplitude of the supply. Further, we introduce an adiabatic wall as internal constrain into the lattice and examine the stored energy with respect to different positions of the internal constrain. We found that the stored energy for constrained systems are larger than their unconstrained counterpart. We also observe that the system stores more energy through large and rare energy delivery, comparing to small and frequent delivery.
Many interesting phenomena in nature are described by stochastic processes with irreversible dynamics. To model these phenomena, we focus on a master equation or a Fokker-Planck equation with rates which violate detailed balance. When the system sett
Systems kept out of equilibrium in stationary states by an external source of energy store an energy $Delta U=U-U_0$. $U_0$ is the internal energy at equilibrium state, obtained after the shutdown of energy input. We determine $Delta U$ for two model
We study a quantity $mathcal{T}$ defined as the energy U, stored in non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) over its value in equilibrium $U_0$, $Delta U=U-U_0$ divided by the heat flow $J_{U}$ going out of the system. A recent study suggests that $math
We theoretically study energy pumping processes in an electrical circuit with avalanche diodes, where non-Gaussian athermal noise plays a crucial role. We show that a positive amount of energy (work) can be extracted by an external manipulation of th
Systems in which the heat flux depends on the direction of the flow are said to present thermal rectification. This effect has attracted much theoretical and experimental interest in recent years. However, in most theoretical models the effect is fou