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Synchronization among arrays of beating cilia is one of the emergent phenomena in biological processes at meso-scopic scales. Strong inter-ciliary couplings modify the natural beating frequencies, $omega$, of individual cilia to produce a collective motion that moves around a group frequency $omega_m$. Here we study the thermodynamic cost of synchronizing cilia arrays by mapping their dynamics onto a generic phase oscillator model. The model suggests that upon synchronization the mean heat dissipation rate is decomposed into two contributions, dissipation from each ciliums own natural driving force and dissipation arising from the interaction with other cilia, the latter of which can be interpreted as the one produced by a potential with a time-dependent protocol in the framework of our model. The spontaneous phase-synchronization of beating dynamics of cilia induced by strong inter-ciliary coupling is always accompanied with a significant reduction of dissipation for the cilia population, suggesting that organisms as a whole expend less energy by attaining a temporal order. At the level of individual cilia, however, a population of cilia with $|omega|< omega_m$ expend more amount of energy upon synchronization.
Biological sensory systems react to changes in their surroundings. They are characterized by fast response and slow adaptation to varying environmental cues. Insofar as sensory adaptive systems map environmental changes to changes of their internal d
We calculate the hydrodynamic flow field generated far from a cilium which is attached to a surface and beats periodically. In the case of two beating cilia, hydrodynamic interactions can lead to synchronization of the cilia, which are nonlinear osci
Cilia are elastic hairlike protuberances of the cell membrane found in various unicellular organisms and in several tissues of most living organisms. In some tissues such as the airway tissues of the lung, the coordinated beating of cilia induce a fl
All clocks, in some form or another, use the evolution of nature towards higher entropy states to quantify the passage of time. Due to the statistical nature of the second law and corresponding entropy flows, fluctuations fundamentally limit the perf
The eukaryotic flagellum beats with apparently unfailing periodicity, yet responds rapidly to stimuli. Like the human heartbeat, flagellar oscillations are now known to be noisy. Using the alga textit{C. reinhardtii}, we explore three aspects of nonu