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Von Neumann measurement framework describes a dynamic interaction between a target system and a probe. In contrast, a quantum controlled measurement framework uses a qubit probe to control the actions of different operators on the target system, and convenient for establishing universal quantum computation. In this work, we use a quantum controlled measurement framework for measuring quantum states directly. We introduce two types of the quantum controlled measurement framework and investigate the systematic error (the bias between the true value and the estimated values) that caused by these types. We numerically investigate the systematic errors, evaluate the confidence region, and investigate the effect of experimental noise that arises from the imperfect detection. Our analysis has important applications in direct quantum state tomography.
Direct state measurement (DSM) is a tomography method that allows for retrieving quantum states wave functions directly. However, a shortcoming of current studies on the DSM is that it does not provide access to noisy quantum systems. Here, we attemp
Quantum magnetic field sensing is an important technology for material science and biology. Although experimental imperfections affect the sensitivity, repetitions of the measurements decrease the estimation uncertainty by a square root of the total
The quantum Zeno effect is well-known for fixing a system to an eigenstate by frequent measurements. It is also known that applying frequent unitary pulses induces a Zeno subspace that can also pin the system to an eigenspace. Both approaches have be
Estimation of quantum states and measurements is crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols. The standard method for each is quantum tomography. However, quantum tomography suffers from systematic errors caused by imperfect knowl
The thermal emission of dust is one of the most important tracers of the interstellar medium: multi-wavelength photometry in the far-infrared (FIR) and submillimeter (submm) can be fitted with a model, providing estimates of the dust mass. The fit re