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The complexity of solution sets to equations in hyperbolic groups

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 نشر من قبل Murray Elder
 تاريخ النشر 2020
  مجال البحث الهندسة المعلوماتية
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We show that the full set of solutions to systems of equations and inequations in a hyperbolic group, as shortlex geodesic words (or any regular set of quasigeodesic normal forms), is an EDT0L language whose specification can be computed in NSPACE$(n^2log n)$ for the torsion-free case and NSPACE$(n^4log n)$ in the torsion case. Furthermore, in the presence of quasi-isometrically embeddable rational constraints, we show that the full set of solutions to systems of equations in a hyperbolic group remains EDT0L. Our work combines the geometric results of Rips, Sela, Dahmani and Guirardel on the decidability of the existential theory of hyperbolic groups with the work of computer scientists including Plandowski, Je.z, Diekert and others on PSPACE algorithms to solve equations in free monoids and groups using compression, and involves an intricate language-theoretic analysis.



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We show that the full set of solutions to systems of equations and inequations in a hyperbolic group, with or without torsion, as shortlex geodesic words, is an EDT0L language whose specification can be computed in $mathsf{NSPACE}(n^2log n)$ for the torsion-free case and $mathsf{NSPACE}(n^4log n)$ in the torsion case. Our work combines deep geometric results by Rips, Sela, Dahmani and Guirardel on decidability of existential theories of hyperbolic groups, work of computer scientists including Plandowski, Je.z, Diekert and others on $mathsf{PSPACE}$ algorithms to solve equations in free monoids and groups using compression, and an intricate language-theoretic analysis. The present work gives an essentially optimal formal language description for all solutions in all hyperbolic groups, and an explicit and surprising low space complexity to compute them.
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