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تسجيل مستخدم جديدA gray-box model for a probabilistic estimate of regional ground magnetic perturbations: Enhancing the NOAA operational Geospace model with machine learning
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We present a novel algorithm that predicts the probability that the time derivative of the horizontal component of the ground magnetic field $dB/dt$ exceeds a specified threshold at a given location. This quantity provides important information that is physically relevant to Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC), which are electric currents { associated to} sudden changes in the Earths magnetic field due to Space Weather events. The model follows a gray-box approach by combining the output of a physics-based model with machine learning. Specifically, we combine the University of Michigans Geospace model that is operational at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, with a boosted ensemble of classification trees. We discuss the problem of re-calibrating the output of the decision tree to obtain reliable probabilities. The performance of the model is assessed by typical metrics for probabilistic forecasts: Probability of Detection and False Detection, True Skill Statistic, Heidke Skill Score, and Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. We show that the ML enhanced algorithm consistently improves all the metrics considered.
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