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The entropy production in dissipative processes is the essence of the arrow of time and the second law of thermodynamics. For dissipation of quantum systems, it was recently shown that the entropy production contains indeed two contributions: a classical one and a quantum one. Here we show that for degenerate (or near-degenerate) quantum systems there are additional quantum contributions which, remarkably, can become negative. Furthermore, such negative contributions are related to significant changes in the ongoing thermodynamics. This includes phenomena such as generation of coherences between degenerate energy levels (called horizontal coherences), alteration of energy exchanges and, last but not least, reversal of the natural convergence of the populations toward the thermal equilibrium state. Going further, we establish a complementarity relation between horizontal coherences and population convergence, particularly enlightening for understanding heat flow reversals. Conservation laws of the different types of coherences are derived. Some consequences for thermal machines and resource theory of coherence are suggested.
The entropy produced when a quantum system is driven away from equilibrium can be decomposed in two parts, one related with populations and the other with quantum coherences. The latter is usually based on the so-called relative entropy of coherence,
We develop a martingale theory to describe fluctuations of entropy production for open quantum systems in nonequilbrium steady states. Using the formalism of quantum jump trajectories, we identify a decomposition of entropy production into an exponen
Employing the stochastic wave function method, we study quantum features of stochastic entropy production in nonequilibrium processes of open systems. It is demonstarted that continuous measurements on the environment introduce an additional, non-the
Some of the oldest and most important applications of thermodynamics are operations of refrigeration as well as production of useful energy. Part of the efforts to understand and develop thermodynamics in the quantum regime have been focusing on harn
The quench dynamics of many-body quantum systems may exhibit non-analyticities in the Loschmidt echo, a phenomenon known as dynamical phase transition (DPT). Despite considerable research into the underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon, several