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We derive new estimators of an optimal joint testing and treatment regime under the no direct effect (NDE) assumption that a given laboratory, diagnostic, or screening test has no effect on a patients clinical outcomes except through the effect of the test results on the choice of treatment. We model the optimal joint strategy using an optimal regime structural nested mean model (opt-SNMM). The proposed estimators are more efficient than previous estimators of the parameters of an opt-SNMM because they efficiently leverage the `no direct effect (NDE) of testing assumption. Our methods will be of importance to decision scientists who either perform cost-benefit analyses or are tasked with the estimation of the `value of information supplied by an expensive diagnostic test (such as an MRI to screen for lung cancer).
There is a fast-growing literature on estimating optimal treatment regimes based on randomized trials or observational studies under a key identifying condition of no unmeasured confounding. Because confounding by unmeasured factors cannot generally
In many observational studies in social science and medical applications, subjects or individuals are connected, and one units treatment and attributes may affect another units treatment and outcome, violating the stable unit treatment value assumpti
Causal inference of treatment effects is a challenging undertaking in it of itself; inference for sequential treatments leads to even more hurdles. In precision medicine, one additional ambitious goal may be to infer about effects of dynamic treatmen
Currently, the high-precision estimation of nonlinear parameters such as Gini indices, low-income proportions or other measures of inequality is particularly crucial. In the present paper, we propose a general class of estimators for such parameters
Causal effect estimation from observational data is an important but challenging problem. Causal effect estimation with unobserved variables in data is even more difficult. The challenges lie in (1) whether the causal effect can be estimated from obs