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Observing ultra-high energy cosmic rays with prototypes of the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) in both hemispheres

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 نشر من قبل Toshihiro Fujii
 تاريخ النشر 2019
  مجال البحث فيزياء
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The origin and nature of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are hot topics in the astroparticle physics community. The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a design for a next-generation ground-based UHECR observatory, addressing the requirements for a large-area, low-cost detector suitable for measuring the properties of the highest energy cosmic rays with an unprecedented aperture. We have developed a full-scale prototype consisting of four 200 mm photomultiplier tubes at the focus of a segmented mirror of 1.6 m in diameter. Over the last three years, we have installed three prototypes at the Telescope Array Experiment in Utah, USA. These telescopes have been steadily taking data since installation. We report on preliminary results of the full-scale FAST prototypes, including measurements of UHECRs, and distant ultra-violet lasers used to study the atmospheric transparency. Furthermore, we discuss the installation of an additional identical FAST prototype at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. Possible benefits to the Telescope Array Experiment and the Pierre Auger Observatory include a comparison of the transparency of the atmosphere above both experiments, a study of the systematic uncertainty associated with their existing fluorescence detectors, and a cross-calibration of their energy and Xmax scales.



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The origin and nature of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remain an open question in astroparticle physics. Motivated by the need for an unprecedented aperture for further advancements, the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a prospective next-generation, ground-based UHECR observatory that aims to cover a huge area by deploying a large array of low-cost fluorescence detectors. The full-scale FAST prototype consists of four 20 cm photomultiplier tubes at the focus of a segmented mirror 1.6 m in diameter. Over the last five years, three prototypes have been installed at the Telescope Array Experiment in Utah, USA, and one prototype at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Mendoza, Argentina, commencing remote observation of UHECRs in both hemispheres. We report on the latest results of these FAST prototypes, including telescope calibrations, atmospheric monitoring, ongoing electronics upgrades, development of sophisticated reconstruction methods, and UHECR detections.
The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a design concept for a next-generation UHECR observatory, addressing the requirements for a large-area, low-cost detector suitable for measuring the properties of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), having energies exceeding $10^{19.5}$,eV, with an unprecedented aperture. We have developed a full-scale prototype consisting of four 200,mm diameter photo-multiplier tubes at the focus of a segmented mirror of 1.6,m in diameter. In October 2016, September 2017, and September 2018 we installed three such prototypes at the Black Rock Mesa site of the Telescope Array experiment in central Utah, USA. All three telescopes have been steadily taking data since installation. We report on the design and installation of these prototypes, and present some preliminary results, including measurements of artificial light sources, distant ultraviolet lasers, and UHECRs. Furthermore, we discuss some additional uses for these simplified low-cost fluorescence telescopes, including the facilitation of a systematic comparison of the transparency of the atmosphere above the Telescope Array experiment and the Pierre Auger Observatory, a study of the systematic uncertainty associated with the existing fluorescence detectors of these two experiments, and a cross-calibration of their energy and $X_{text{max}}$ scales.
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