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تسجيل مستخدم جديدExploring Topological Superconductivity in Topological Materials
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The exploration of topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes has become a rapidly developing field. Many types of proposals to realize topological superconductors have been presented, and significant advances have been recently made. In this review, we conduct a survey on the experimental progress in possible topological superconductors and induced superconductivity in topological insulators or semimetals as well as artificial structures. The approaches to inducing superconductivity in topological materials mainly include high pressure application, the hard-tip point contact method, chemical doping or intercalation, the use of artificial topological superconductors, and electric field gating. The evidence supporting topological superconductivity and signatures of Majorana zero modes are also discussed and summarized.
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Fascinating phenomena have been known to arise from the Dirac theory of relativistic quantum mechanics, which describes high energy particles having linear dispersion relations. Electrons in solids usually have non-relativistic dispersion relations b
ut their quantum excitations can mimic relativistic effects. In topological insulators, electrons have both a linear dispersion relation, the Dirac behavior, on the surface and a non-relativistic energy dispersion in the bulk. Topological phases of matter have attracted much interest, particularly broken-symmetry phases in topological insulator materials. Here, we report by Nb doping that the topological insulator Bi2Se3 can be turned into a bulk type-II superconductor while the Dirac surface dispersion in the normal state is preserved. A macroscopic magnetic ordering appears below the superconducting critical temperature of 3.2 K indicating a spontaneous spin rotation symmetry breaking of the Nb magnetic moments. Even though such a magnetic order may appear at the edge of the superconductor, it is mediated by superconductivity and presents a novel phase of matter which gives rise to a zero-field Hall effect.
We propose realization of non-Abelian topological superconductivity in two-dimensional quasicrystals by the same mechanism as in crystalline counterparts. Specifically, we study a two-dimensional electron gas in Penrose and Ammann-Beenker quasicrysta
ls with Rashba spin-orbit coupling, perpendicular Zeeman magnetic field, and conventional $s$-wave superconductivity. We find that topological superconductivity with broken time-reversal symmetry is realized in both Penrose and Ammann-Beenker quasicrystals at low filling, where the Bott index is unity. The topological nature of this phase is confirmed by the existence of a zero-energy surface bound state and the chiral propagation of a wave packet projected onto the midgap bound state along the surfaces. Furthermore, we confirm the existence of a single Majorana zero mode each in a vortex at the center of the system and along the surfaces, signifying the non-Abelian character of the system when the Bott index is unity.
We present a theory of the high-spin generalization of topological insulators and their doped superconducting states. The higher-spin topological insulators involve a pair of $J=3/2$ bands with opposite parity, and are characterized by their band inv
ersion. The low-energy effective theory reveals that the topological insulators host four different phases characterized by mirror Chern numbers, at which boundaries two different patterns of bulk Dirac points appear. For the carrier-doped case, it is shown that the system may host unique unconventional superconductivity because of its high-spin nature and additional orbital degrees of freedom intrinsic to topological insulators. The superconducting critical temperature is evaluated by using density-density pairing interactions, and odd-parity Cooper pairs are shown to be naturally realized in the presence of interorbital pairing interaction. It is observed that even the simplest spin 0 odd-parity pairing state exhibits a novel class of topological superconductivity---high winding topological superconductivity. We also discuss the experimental signals of high winding topological superconductivity in the case of the antiperovskite superconductor Sr$_{3-x}$SnO.
Recently, the search for Majorana fermions (MFs) has become one of the most important and exciting issues in condensed matter physics since such an exotic quasiparticle is expected to potentially give rise to unprecedented quantum phenomena whose fun
ctional properties will be used to develop future quantum technology. Theoretically, the MFs may reside in various types of topological superconductor materials that is characterized by the topologically protected gapless surface state which are essentially an Andreev bound state. Superconducting doped topological insulators and topological crystalline insulators are promising candidates to harbor the MFs. In this review, we discuss recent progress and understanding on the research of MFs based on time-reversal-invariant superconducting topological materials to deepen our understanding and have a better outlook on both the search for and realization of MFs in these systems. We also discuss some advantages of these bulk systems to realize MFs including remarkable superconducting robustness against nonmagnetic impurities.
Atomic manipulation and interface engineering techniques have provided a novel approach to custom-designing topological superconductors and the ensuing Majorana zero modes, representing a new paradigm for the realization of topological quantum comput
ing and topology-based devices. Magnet-superconductor hybrid (MSH) systems have proven to be experimentally suitable to engineer topological superconductivity through the control of both the complex structure of its magnetic layer and the interface properties of the superconducting surface. Here, we demonstrate that two-dimensional MSH systems containing a magnetic skyrmion lattice provide an unprecedented ability to control the emergence of topological phases. By changing the skyrmion radius, which can be achieved experimentally through an external magnetic field, one can tune between different topological superconducting phases, allowing one to explore their unique properties and the transitions between them. In these MSH systems, Josephson scanning tunneling spectroscopy spatially visualizes one of the most crucial aspects underlying the emergence of topological superconductivity, the spatial structure of the induced spin-triplet correlations.
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