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Quantum algorithms for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) machines have recently emerged as new promising routes towards demonstrating near-term quantum advantage (or supremacy) over classical systems. In these systems samples are typically drawn from probability distributions which --- under plausible complexity-theoretic conjectures --- cannot be efficiently generated classically. Rather than first define a physical system and then determine computational features of the output state, we ask the converse question: given direct access to the quantum state, what features of the generating system can we efficiently learn? In this work we introduce the Variational Quantum Unsampling (VQU) protocol, a nonlinear quantum neural network approach for verification and inference of near-term quantum circuits outputs. In our approach one can variationally train a quantum operation to unravel the action of an unknown unitary on a known input state; essentially learning the inverse of the black-box quantum dynamics. While the principle of our approach is platform independent, its implementation will depend on the unique architecture of a specific quantum processor. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the VQU protocol on a quantum photonic processor. Alongside quantum verification, our protocol has broad applications; including optimal quantum measurement and tomography, quantum sensing and imaging, and ansatz validation.
Solving finite-temperature properties of quantum many-body systems is generally challenging to classical computers due to their high computational complexities. In this article, we present experiments to demonstrate a hybrid quantum-classical simulat
In the near-term, hybrid quantum-classical algorithms hold great potential for outperforming classical approaches. Understanding how these two computing paradigms work in tandem is critical for identifying areas where such hybrid algorithms could pro
Photonic processors are pivotal for both quantum and classical information processing tasks using light. In particular, linear optical quantum information processing requires both largescale and low-loss programmable photonic processors. In this pape
A quantum processor to import, process, and export optical quantum states is a common core technology enabling various photonic quantum information processing. However, there has been no photonic processor which is simultaneously universal, scalable,
Entanglement is a fundamental property of quantum mechanics, and is a primary resource in quantum information systems. Its manipulation remains a central challenge in the development of quantum technology. In this work, we demonstrate a device which