ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Modern photon counting pixel detectors enabled a revolution in applications at synchrotron light sources and beyond in the last decade. One of the limitations of current detectors is reduced counting linearity or even paralysis at high counting rates, due to dead-time which results in photon pile-up. Existing dead-time and pile-up models fail to reproduce the complexity of dead-time effects on photon counting, resulting in empirical calibrations for particular detectors at best, imprecise linearization methods, or no linearization. This problem will increase in the future as many synchrotron light sources plan significant brilliance upgrades and free-electron lasers plan moving to a quasi-continuous operation mode. We present here the first models that use the actual behavior of the analog pre-amplifiers in spectroscopic photon counting pixel detectors with constant current discharge (e.g., Medipix family of detectors) to deduce more accurate analytical models and optimal linearization methods. In particular, for detectors with at least two counters per pixel, we completely eliminate the need of calibration, or previous knowledge of the detector and beam parameters (dead-time, integration time, large sets of synchrotron filling patterns). This is summarized in several models with increasing complexity and accuracy. Finally, we present a general empirical approach applicable to any particular cases where the analytical approach is not sufficiently precise.
We have developed a Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) for the neutrino detectors of T2K experiment. About 64,000 MPPCs have been produced and tested in about a year. In order to characterize a large number of MPPCs, we have developed a system that si
The performance of hybrid GaAs pixel detectors as X-ray imaging sensors were investigated at room temperature. These hybrids consist of 300 mu-m thick GaAs pixel detectors, flip-chip bonded to a CMOS Single Photon Counting Chip (PCC). This chip consi
The calibration process for the hybrid array pixel detector designed for High Energy Photon Source in China, we called HEPS-BPIX, is presented in this paper. Based on the threshold scanning, the relationship between energy and threshold is quantified
Pixel detectors have been the working horse for high resolution, high rate and radiation particle tracking for the past 20 years. The field has spun off into imaging applications with equal uniqueness. Now the move is towards larger integration and f
A new, modular toolkit for creating simulations of 2D X-ray pixel detectors, X-CSIT (X-ray Camera SImulation Toolkit), is being developed. The toolkit uses three sequential simulations of detector processes which model photon interactions, electron c