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We present ALMA CO(2-1) observations toward a massive infrared dark cloud G28.37+0.07. The ALMA data reveal numerous molecular (CO) outflows with a wide range of sizes throughout the cloud. Sixty-two 1.3 mm continuum cores were identified to be driving molecular outflows. We have determined the position angle in the plane-of-sky of 120 CO outflow lobes and studied their distribution. We find that the distribution of the plane-of-sky outflow position angles peaks at about 100 degree, corresponding to a concentration of outflows with an approximately east-west direction. For most outflows, we have been able to estimate the plane-of-sky angle between the outflow axis and the filament that harbors the protostar that powers the outflow. Statistical tests strongly indicate that the distribution of outflow-filament orientations is consistent with most outflow axes being mostly orthogonal to their parent filament in 3D. Such alignment may result from filament fragmentation or continuous mass transportation from filament to the embedded protostellar core. The latter is suggested by recent numerical studies with moderately strong magnetic fields.
We present molecular line observations, made with angular resolutions of ~20, toward the filamentary infrared dark cloud G34.43+0.24 using the APEX [CO(3-2), 13CO(3-2), C18O(3-2) and CS(7-6) transitions], Nobeyama 45 m [CS(2-1), SiO(2-1), C34S(2-1),
Aims. The process of gravitational fragmentation in the L1482 molecular filament of the California molecular cloud is studied by combining several complementary observations and physical estimates. We investigate the kinematic and dynamical states of
We study Giant Molecular Cloud (GMC) environments surrounding 10 Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs), using $^{13}$CO(1-0) emission from the Galactic Ring Survey. We measure physical properties of these IRDCs/GMCs on a range of scales extending to radii, R,
We report the first evidence of molecular gas in two atomic hydrogen (HI) clouds associated with gas outflowing from the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We used the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) to detect and spatially resolve individual clumps