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In this paper, we consider networks of deterministic spiking neurons, firing synchronously at discrete times; such spiking neural networks are inspired by networks of neurons and synapses that occur in brains. We consider the problem of translating temporal information into spatial information in such networks, an important task that is carried out by actual brains. Specifically, we define two problems: First Consecutive Spikes Counting (FCSC) and Total Spikes Counting (TSC), which model spike and rate coding aspects of translating temporal information into spatial information respectively. Assuming an upper bound of $T$ on the length of the temporal input signal, we design two networks that solve these two problems, each using $O(log T)$ neurons and terminating in time $1$. We also prove that there is no network with less than $T$ neurons that solves either question in time $0$.
Feed-forward neural networks consist of a sequence of layers, in which each layer performs some processing on the information from the previous layer. A downside to this approach is that each layer (or module, as multiple modules can operate in paral
The meaning of a word is closely linked to sociocultural factors that can change over time and location, resulting in corresponding meaning changes. Taking a global view of words and their meanings in a widely used language, such as English, may requ
Users often have to integrate information about entities from multiple data sources. This task is challenging as each data source may represent information about the same entity in a distinct form, e.g., each data source may use a different name for
Deep learning (DL)-based models have demonstrated good performance in medical image segmentation. However, the models trained on a known dataset often fail when performed on an unseen dataset collected from different centers, vendors and disease popu
This paper presents to integrate the auxiliary information (e.g., additional attributes for data such as the hashtags for Instagram images) in the self-supervised learning process. We first observe that the auxiliary information may bring us useful i