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تسجيل مستخدم جديدMulti-twist polarization ribbon topologies in highly-confined optical fields
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Electromagnetic plane waves, solutions to Maxwells equations, are said to be `transverse in vacuum. Namely, the waves oscillatory electric and magnetic fields are confined within a plane transverse to the waves propagation direction. Under tight-focusing conditions however, the field can exhibit longitudinal electric or magnetic components, transverse spin angular momentum, or non-trivial topologies such as Mobius strips. Here, we show that when a suitably spatially structured beam is tightly focused, a 3-dimensional polarization topology in the form of a ribbon with two full twists appears in the focal volume. We study experimentally the stability and dynamics of the observed polarization ribbon by exploring its topological structure for various radii upon focusing and for different propagation planes.
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