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The human adaptive immune response is known to weaken in advanced age, resulting in increased severity of pathogen-born illness, poor vaccine efficacy, and a higher prevalence of cancer in the elderly. Age-related erosion of the T-cell compartment has been implicated as a likely cause, but the underlying mechanisms driving this immunosenescence have not been quantitatively modeled and systematically analyzed. T-cell receptor diversity, or the extent of pathogen-derived antigen responsiveness of the T-cell pool, is known to diminish with age, but inherent experimental difficulties preclude accurate analysis on the full organismal level. In this paper, we formulate a mechanistic mathematical model of T-cell population dynamics on the immunoclonal subpopulation level, which provides quantitative estimates of diversity. We define different estimates for diversity that depend on the individual number of cells in a specific immunoclone. We show that diversity decreases with age primarily due to diminished thymic output of new T-cells and the resulting overall loss of small immunoclones.
The set of T cells that express the same T cell receptor (TCR) sequence represents a T cell clone. The number of different naive T cell clones in an organism reflects the number of different T cell receptors (TCRs) arising from recombination of the V
Naive human T cells are produced in the thymus, which atrophies abruptly and severely in response to physical or psychological stress. To understand how an instance of stress affects the size and diversity of the peripheral naive T cell pool, we deri
Complete understanding of the mechanisms regulating the proliferation and differentiation that takes place during human immune CD8+ T cell responses is still lacking. Human clinical data is usually limited to blood cell counts, yet the initiation of
Adoptive Cell Transfer therapy of cancer is currently in full development and mathematical modeling is playing a critical role in this area. We study a stochastic model developed by Baar et al. in 2015 for modeling immunotherapy against melanoma skin
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system that regulates numerous physiological processes. Disruptions in the activity of the HPA axis are correlated with many stress-related diseases such as post-traumatic stress disor