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We analyze a generic model where wounded quarks are amended with strings in which both end-point positions fluctuate in spatial rapidity. With the assumption that the strings emit particles independently of one another and with a uniform distribution in rapidity, we are able to analyze the model semi-analytically, which allows for its detailed understanding. Using as a constraint the one-body string emission functions obtained from the experimental data for collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV, we explore the two-body correlations for various scenarios of string fluctuations. We find that the popular measures used to quantify the longitudinal fluctuations are limited with upper and lower bounds and assume close values for the most likely models of the end-point distributions, which may explain why various approaches yield here very similar results.
Multiplicity distributions of hadrons produced in central nucleus-nucleus collisions are studied within the hadron-resonance gas model in the large volume limit. In the canonical ensemble conservation of three charges (baryon number, electric charge,
While string models describe initial state radiation in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions well, they mainly differ in their end-point positions of the strings in spatial rapidity. We present a generic model where wounded constituents are amended
In high energy heavy ion collisions, the directed flow of particles is conventionally measured with respect to that of the projectile spectators, which is defined as positive $x$ direction. But it is not known if the spectators deflect in the outward
Estimates for elliptic flow in collisions of polarized light nuclei with spin $jge1$ with a heavy nucleus are presented. In such collisions the azimuthal symmetry is broken via polarization of the wave function of the light nucleus, resulting in nonz
In heavy-ion ({it A-A}) collisions, the correlations among the particles produced across wide range in rapidity, probe the early stages of the reaction. The analyses of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in these collisions are complicated by