We prove an expanded range of $ell ^{p}(mathbb{Z}^d)$-improving properties and sparse bounds for discrete spherical maximal means in every dimension $dgeq 6$. Essential elements of the proofs are bounds for high exponent averages of Ramanujan and restricted Kloosterman sums.
We exhibit a range of $ell ^{p}(mathbb{Z}^d)$-improving properties for the discrete spherical maximal average in every dimension $dgeq 5$. The strategy used to show these improving properties is then adapted to establish sparse bounds, which extend t
he discrete maximal theorem of Magyar, Stein, and Wainger to weighted spaces. In particular, the sparse bounds imply that the discrete spherical maximal average is a bounded map from $ell^2(w)$ into $ell^2(w)$ provided $w^{frac{d}{d-4}+delta}$ belongs to the Muckenhoupt class $A_2$ for some $delta>0.$
We prove sparse bounds for the spherical maximal operator of Magyar, Stein and Wainger. The bounds are conjecturally sharp, and contain an endpoint estimate. The new method of proof is inspired by ones by Bourgain and Ionescu, is very efficient, and
has not been used in the proof of sparse bounds before. The Hardy-Littlewood Circle method is used to decompose the multiplier into major and minor arc components. The efficiency arises as one only needs a single estimate on each element of the decomposition.
Let $ lambda ^2 in mathbb N $, and in dimensions $ dgeq 5$, let $ A_{lambda } f (x)$ denote the average of $ f ;:; mathbb Z ^{d} to mathbb R $ over the lattice points on the sphere of radius $lambda$ centered at $x$. We prove $ ell ^{p}$ improving pr
operties of $ A_{lambda }$. begin{equation*} lVert A_{lambda }rVert_{ell ^{p} to ell ^{p}} leq C_{d,p, omega (lambda ^2 )} lambda ^{d ( 1-frac{2}p)}, qquad tfrac{d-1}{d+1} < p leq frac{d} {d-2}. end{equation*} It holds in dimension $ d =4$ for odd $ lambda ^2 $. The dependence is in terms of $ omega (lambda ^2 )$, the number of distinct prime factors of $ lambda ^2 $. These inequalities are discre
Let $fin ell^2(mathbb Z)$. Define the average of $ f$ over the square integers by $ A_N f(x):=frac{1}{N}sum_{k=1}^N f(x+k^2) $. We show that $ A_N$ satisfies a local scale-free $ ell ^{p}$-improving estimate, for $ 3/2 < p leq 2$: begin{equation*}
N ^{-2/p} lVert A_N f rVert _{ p} lesssim N ^{-2/p} lVert frVert _{ell ^{p}}, end{equation*} provided $ f$ is supported in some interval of length $ N ^2 $, and $ p =frac{p} {p-1}$ is the conjugate index. The inequality above fails for $ 1< p < 3/2$. The maximal function $ A f = sup _{Ngeq 1} |A_Nf| $ satisfies a similar sparse bound. Novel weighted and vector valued inequalities for $ A$ follow. A critical step in the proof requires the control of a logarithmic average over $ q$ of a function $G(q,x)$ counting the number of square roots of $x$ mod $q$. One requires an estimate uniform in $x$.
We prove new $ell ^{p} (mathbb Z ^{d})$ bounds for discrete spherical averages in dimensions $ d geq 5$. We focus on the case of lacunary radii, first for general lacunary radii, and then for certain kinds of highly composite choices of radii. In par
ticular, if $ A _{lambda } f $ is the spherical average of $ f$ over the discrete sphere of radius $ lambda $, we have begin{equation*} bigllVert sup _{k} lvert A _{lambda _k} f rvert bigrrVert _{ell ^{p} (mathbb Z ^{d})} lesssim lVert frVert _{ell ^{p} (mathbb Z ^{d})}, qquad tfrac{d-2} {d-3} < p leq tfrac{d} {d-2}, dgeq 5, end{equation*} for any lacunary sets of integers $ {lambda _k ^2 }$. We follow a style of argument from our prior paper, addressing the full supremum. The relevant maximal operator is decomposed into several parts; each part requires only one endpoint estimate.