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In this study, we investigate thermospheric neutral mass density heating associated with 168 CME-driven geomagnetic storms in the period of May 2001 to September 2011. We use neutral density measured by two low-Earth orbit satellites: CHAMP and GRACE. For each storm, we superpose geomagnetic and density data for the time when the IMF B$_mathrm{z}$ component turns sharply southward chosen as the zero epoch time. This indicates the storm main phase onset. We find that the average SYM-H index reaches the minimum of $-$42 nT near 12 hours after storm main phase onset. The Joule heating is enhanced by approximately 200% in comparison to quiet values. In respect to thermosphere density, on average, high latitude regions (auroral zones and polar caps) of both hemispheres are highly heated in the first 1.5 hour of the storm. The equatorial response is presumably associated with direct equator-ward propagation of TADs (traveling atmospheric disturbances). A slight north-south asymmetry in thermosphere heating is found and is most likely due to a positive B$_mathrm{y}$ component in the first hours of the storm main phase.
We have performed an analysis of case events and statistics of positive ionospheric storms in the dayside region of the equatorial ionization anomaly during recurrent geomagnetic storms (RGSs), which dominate in geomagnetic and ionospheric conditions
Low-energy ions of ionospheric origin constitute a significant contributor to the magnetospheric plasma population. Measuring cold ions is difficult though. Observations have to be done at sufficiently high altitudes and typically in regions of space
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are a well-known terrestrial space weather hazard. They occur in power transmission networks and are known to have adverse effects in both high and mid-latitude countries. Here, we study GICs in the Irish power
Geomagnetic activity is often described using summary indices to summarize the likelihood of space weather impacts, as well as when parameterizing space weather models. The geomagnetic index $text{K}_text{p}$ in particular, is widely used for these p
Eruptive events of solar activity often trigger abrupt variations of the geomagnetic field. Through the induction of electric currents, human infrastructures are also affected, namely the equipment of electric power transmission networks. It was show