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تسجيل مستخدم جديدHybrid single-electron turnstiles with thick superconducting electrodes for improved quasiparticle relaxation
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We demonstrate shadow evaporation-based fabrication of high-quality ultrasmall normal metal -- insulator -- superconductor tunnel junctions where the thickness of the superconducting electrode is not limited by the requirement of small junction size. The junctions are formed between a film of manganese-doped aluminium acting as the normal conducting electrode, covered by a thicker, superconducting layer of pure Al. We characterize the junctions by sub-gap current--voltage measurements and charge pumping measurements in a gate-driven hybrid single-electron transistor, operated as a turnstile for single electrons. The technique allows to advance towards turnstiles with close to ideally thermalized superconducting reservoirs, prerequisite for reaching metrological current quantization accuracy in a hybrid turnstile. We further present an alternative way to realize small junctions with thick Al leads based on multi-angle deposition. The work enables the future investigation of turnstiles based on superconductors other than Al, and benefits various other Al tunnel junction devices for which quasiparticle thermalization is essential.
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We perform in-situ detection of individual electrons pumped through a single-electron turnstile based on ultrasmall normal metal - insulator - superconductor tunnel junctions. In our setup, limited by the detector bandwidth, at low repetition rates w
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