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We present a new set of horizontal-branch (HB) models computed with the MESA stellar evolution code. The models adopt $alpha$-enhanced cite{ags09} metals mixtures and include the gravitational settling of He. They are used in our HB population synthesis tool to generate theoretical distributions of HB stars in order to describe the multiple stellar populations in the globular clusters 47Tuc, M3, and M13. The observed HB in 47Tuc is reproduced very well by our simulations for [Fe/H] $= -0.70$ and [$alpha$/Fe] $= +0.4$ if the initial helium mass fraction varies by $Delta Y_0 sim 0.03$ and approximately 21%, 37%, and 42% of the stars have $Y_0 = 0.257$, 0.270, and 0.287, respectively. These simulations yield $(m-M)_V = 13.27$, implying an age near 13.0 Gyr. In the case of M3 and M13, our synthetic HBs for [Fe/H] $= -1.55$ and [$alpha$/Fe] $= 0.4$ match the observed ones quite well if M3 has $Delta Y_0 sim 0.01$ and $(m-M)_V = 15.02$, resulting in an age of 12.6 Gyr, whereas M13 has $Delta Y_0 sim 0.08$ and $(m-M)_V = 14.42$, implying an age of 12.9 Gyr. Mass loss during giant-branch evolution and $Delta Y_0$ appear to be the primary second parameters for M3 and M13. New observations for 7 of the 9 known RR Lyrae in M13 are also reported. Surprisingly, periods predicted for the $c$-type variables tend to be too high (by up to $sim 0.1$~d).
It has recently been suggested that the presence of multiple populations showing various amounts of helium enhancement is the rule, rather than the exception, among globular star clusters. An important prediction of this helium enhancement scenario i
We have derived relations between full-width-half-maxima and equivalent widths of metallic absorption lines in the spectra of RR~Lyrae stars to estimate new upper limits on the axial equatorial rotational velocities of RR~Lyrae and metal-poor red hor
Multiple stellar populations (MPs) are a distinct characteristic of Globular Clusters (GCs). Their general properties have been widely studied among main sequence, red giant branch (RGB) and horizontal branch (HB) stars, but a common framework is sti
We present a detailed abundance study of 11 RR Lyrae ab-type variables: AS Vir, BS Aps, CD Vel, DT Hya, RV Oct, TY Gru, UV Oct, V1645 Sgr, WY Ant, XZ Aps, and Z Mic.High resolution and high S/N echelle spectra of these variables were obtained with 2.
The location of Galactic Globular Clusters (GC) stars on the horizontal branch (HB) should mainly depend on GC metallicity, the first parameter, but it is actually the result of complex interactions between the red giant branch (RGB) mass loss, the c