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Husimi function and phase-space analysis of bilayer quantum Hall systems at $ u=2/lambda$

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 نشر من قبل Manuel Calixto
 تاريخ النشر 2017
  مجال البحث فيزياء
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We propose localization measures in phase space of the ground state of bilayer quantum Hall (BLQH) systems at fractional filling factors $ u=2/lambda$, to characterize the three quantum phases (shortly denoted by spin, canted and ppin) for arbitrary $U(4)$-isospin $lambda$. We use a coherent state (Bargmann) representation of quantum states, as holomorphic functions in the 8-dimensional Grassmannian phase-space $mathbb{G}^4_{2}=U(4)/[U(2)times U(2)]$ (a higher-dimensional generalization of the Haldanes 2-dimensional sphere $mathbb{S}^2=U(2)/[U(1)times U(1)]$). We quantify the localization (inverse volume) of the ground state wave function in phase-space throughout the phase diagram (i.e., as a function of Zeeman, tunneling, layer distance, etc, control parameters) with the Husimi function second moment, a kind of inverse participation ratio that behaves as an order parameter. Then we visualize the different ground state structure in phase space of the three quantum phases, the canted phase displaying a much higher delocalization (a Schrodinger cat structure) than the spin and ppin phases, where the ground state is highly coherent. We find a good agreement between analytic (variational) and numeric diagonalization results.



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We analyze the Hilbert space and ground state structure of bilayer quantum Hall (BLQH) systems at fractional filling factors $ u=2/lambda$ ($lambda$ odd) and we also study the large $SU(4)$ isospin-$lambda$ limit. The model Hamiltonian is an adaptati on of the $ u=2$ case [Z.F. Ezawa {it et al.}, Phys. Rev. {B71} (2005) 125318] to the many-body situation (arbitrary $lambda$ flux quanta per electron). The semiclassical regime and quantum phase diagram (in terms of layer distance, Zeeeman, tunneling, etc, control parameters) is obtained by using previously introduced Grassmannian $mathbb{G}^4_{2}=U(4)/[U(2)times U(2)]$ coherent states as variational states. The existence of three quantum phases (spin, canted and ppin) is common to any $lambda$, but the phase transition points depend on $lambda$, and the instance $lambda=1$ is recovered as a particular case. We also analyze the quantum case through a numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian and compare with the mean-field results, which give a good approximation in the spin and ppin phases but not in the canted phase, where we detect exactly $lambda$ energy level crossings between the ground and first excited state for given values of the tunneling gap. An energy band structure at low and high interlayer tunneling (spin and ppin phases, respectively) also appears depending on angular momentum and layer population imbalance quantum numbers.
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