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Lasing and steady state superradiance are two phenomena that may appear at first glance to be distinct. In a laser, phase information is maintained by a macroscopic intracavity light field, and the robustness of this phase is what leads to the coherence of the output light. In contrast, the coherence of steady-state superradiant systems derives from the macroscopic collective dipole of a many-atom ensemble. In this paper, we develop a quantum theory that connects smoothly between these two extreme limits. We show that lasing and steady-state superradiance should be thought of as the two extreme limits of a continuous crossover. The properties of systems that lie in the superradiance, lasing, and crossover parameter regions are compared. We find that for a given output intensity a narrower linewidth can be obtained by operating closer to the superradiance side of the crossover. We also find that the collective phase is robust against cavity frequency fluctuations in the superradiant regime and against atomic level fluctuations in the lasing regime.
Alkaline-earth like atoms with ultra-narrow optical transitions enable superradiance in steady state. The emitted light promises to have an unprecedented stability with a linewidth as narrow as a few millihertz. In order to evaluate the potential use
A steady-state superradiant laser can be used to generate ultranarrow-linewidth light, and thus has important applications in the fields of quantum information and precision metrology. However, the light produced by such a laser is still essentially
Earth-alkaline-like atoms with ultra-narrow transitions open the door to a new regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics. That regime is characterized by a critical photon number that is many orders of magnitude smaller than what can be achieved in co
Light-matter interacting quantum systems manifest strong correlations that lead to distinct cooperative spontaneous emissions of subradiance or superradiance. To demonstrate the essence of long-range correlations in such systems, we consider an atomi
Superradiance in an ensemble of atoms leads to the collective enhancement of radiation in a particular mode shared by the atoms in their spontaneous decay from an excited state. The quantum aspects of this phenomenon are highlighted when such collect