We provide evidence of an extreme form of sensitivity to initial conditions in a family of one-dimensional self-ruling dynamical systems. We prove that some hyperchaotic sequences are closed-form expressions of the orbits of these pseudo-random dynamical systems. Each chaotic system in this family exhibits a sensitivity to initial conditions that encompasses the sequence of choices of the evolution rule in some collection of maps. This opens a possibility to extend current theories of complex behaviors on the basis of intrinsic uncertainty in deterministic chaos.
In {em{Holm}, Proc. Roy. Soc. A 471 (2015)} stochastic fluid equations were derived by employing a variational principle with an assumed stochastic Lagrangian particle dynamics. Here we show that the same stochastic Lagrangian dynamics naturally aris
es in a multi-scale decomposition of the deterministic Lagrangian flow map into a slow large-scale mean and a rapidly fluctuating small scale map. We employ homogenization theory to derive effective slow stochastic particle dynamics for the resolved mean part, thereby justifying stochastic fluid partial equations in the Eulerian formulation. To justify the application of rigorous homogenization theory, we assume mildly chaotic fast small-scale dynamics, as well as a centering condition. The latter requires that the mean of the fluctuating deviations is small, when pulled back to the mean flow.
This paper presents a general and systematic discussion of various symbolic representations of iterated maps through subshifts. We give a unified model for all continuous maps on a metric space, by representing a map through a general subshift over u
sually an uncountable alphabet. It is shown that at most the second order representation is enough for a continuous map. In particular, it is shown that the dynamics of one-dimensional continuous maps to a great extent can be transformed to the study of subshift structure of a general symbolic dynamics system. By introducing distillations, partial representations of some general continuous maps are obtained. Finally, partitions and representations of a class of discontinuous maps, piecewise continuous maps are discussed, and as examples, a representation of the Gauss map via a full shift over a countable alphabet and representations of interval exchange transformations as subshifts of infinite type are given.
Symmetry reduction by the method of slices quotients the continuous symmetries of chaotic flows by replacing the original state space by a set of charts, each covering a neighborhood of a dynamically important class of solutions, qualitatively captur
ed by a `template. Together these charts provide an atlas of the symmetry-reduced `slice of state space, charting the regions of the manifold explored by the trajectories of interest. Within the slice, relative equilibria reduce to equilibria and relative periodic orbits reduce to periodic orbits. Visualizations of these solutions and their unstable manifolds reveal their interrelations and the role they play in organizing turbulence/chaos.
Geometrization of dynamics consists of representing trajectories by geodesics on a configuration space with a suitably defined metric. Previously, efforts were made to show that the analysis of dynamical stability can also be carried out within geome
trical frameworks, by measuring the broadening rate of a bundle of geodesics. Two known formalisms are via Jacobi and Eisenhart metrics. We find that this geometrical analysis measures the actual stability when the length of any geodesic is proportional to the corresponding time interval. We prove that the Jacobi metric is not always an appropriate parametrization by showing that it predicts chaotic behavior for a system of harmonic oscillators. Furthermore, we show, by explicit calculation, that the correspondence between dynamical- and geometrical-spread is ill-defined for the Jacobi metric. We find that the Eisenhart dynamics corresponds to the actual tangent dynamics and is therefore an appropriate geometrization scheme.
Generalizing results by Bryant and Griffiths [Duke Math. J., 1995, V.78, 531-676], we completely describe local conservation laws of second-order (1+1)-dimensional evolution equations up to contact equivalence. The possible dimensions of spaces of co
nservation laws prove to be 0, 1, 2 and infinity. The canonical forms of equations with respect to contact equivalence are found for all nonzero dimensions of spaces of conservation laws.