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Imaging the magnetic structure of a material is essential to understanding the influence of the physical and chemical microstructure on its magnetic properties. Magnetic imaging techniques, however, have up to now been unable to probe 3D micrometer-sized systems with nanoscale resolution. Here we present the imaging of the magnetic domain configuration of a micrometre-thick FeGd multilayer with hard X-ray dichroic ptychography at energies spanning both the Gd L3 edge and the Fe K edge, providing a high spatial resolution spectroscopic analysis of the complex X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. With a spatial resolution reaching 45 nm, this advance in hard X-ray magnetic imaging is the first step towards the investigation of buried magnetic structures and extended three-dimensional magnetic systems at the nanoscale.
Biominerals such as seashells, corals skeletons, bone, and enamel are optically anisotropic crystalline materials with unique nano- and micro-scale organization that translates into exceptional macroscopic mechanical properties, providing inspiration
Linear-dichroism is an important tool to characterize the transmission matrix and determine the crystal or orbital orientation in a material. In order to gain high resolution mapping of the transmission properties of such materials, we introduce the
We report the development of a laboratory-based Rowland-circle monochromator that incorporates a low poer x-ray (bremsstrahlung) tube source, a spherically-bent crystal analyzer (SBCA), and an energy-resolving solid-state detector. This relatively in
By adjusting the incidence angle of incoming X-ray near the critical angle of X-ray total reflection, the photoelectron intensity is strongly modulated due to the variation of X-ray penetration depth. Photoemission spectroscopy (PES) combining with n
Phase imaging in electron microscopy is sensitive to the local potential including charge redistribution from bonding. We demonstrate that electron ptychography provides the necessary sensitivity to detect this subtle effect by directly imaging the c