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In this paper we present proof of principle experiments of an optical gating concept for free electrons. We demonstrate a temporal resolution of 1.2+-0.3 fs via energy and transverse momentum modulation as a function of time. The scheme is based on the synchronous interaction between electrons and the near-field mode of a dielectric nano-grating excited by a femtosecond laser pulse with an optical period duration of 6.5 fs. The sub-optical cycle resolution demonstrated here is promising for use in laser-driven streak cameras for attosecond temporal characterization of bunched particle beams as well as time-resolved experiments with free-electron beams. We expect that 10 as temporal resolution will be achieved in the near future using such a scheme.
Attosecond streaking of photoelectrons emitted by extreme ultraviolet light has begun to reveal how electrons behave during their transport within simple crystalline solids. Many sample types within nanoplasmonics, thin-film physics, and semiconducto
First time-resolved photoemission experiments employing attosecond streaking of electrons emitted by an XUV pump pulse and probed by a few-cycle NIR pulse found a time delay of about 100 attoseconds between photoelectrons from the conduction band and
Free-electron beams serve as uniquely versatile probes of microscopic structure and composition, and have repeatedly revolutionized atomic-scale imaging, from solid-state physics to structural biology. Over the past decade, the manipulation and inter
We report on the global temporal pulse characteristics of individual harmonics in an attosecond pulse train by means of photo-electron streaking in a strong low-frequency transient. The scheme allows direct retrieval of pulse durations and first orde
Tunnelling, one of the key features of quantum mechanics, ignited an ongoing debate about the value, meaning and interpretation of tunnelling time. Until recently the debate was purely theoretical, with the process considered to be instantaneous for