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As the opening review to the focus meeting ``Stellar Behemoths: Red Supergiants across the Local Universe, I here provide a brief introduction to red supergiants, setting the stage for subsequent contributions. I highlight some recent activity in the field, and identify areas of progress, areas where progress is needed, and how such progress might be achieved.
The distribution of stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram narrates their evolutionary history and directly assesses their properties. Placing stars in this diagram however requires the knowledge of their distances and interstellar extinctions, whi
We present a comprehensive stellar atmosphere analysis of 329 O- and B-type stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) from the RIOTS4 survey. Using spectroscopically derived effective temperature (Teff) and surface gravities, we find that classical B
We present the spectroscopic analysis of 333 OB-type stars extracted from VLT-MUSE observations of the central 30 x 30 pc of NGC 2070 in the Tarantula Nebula on the Large Magellanic Cloud, the majority of which are analysed for the the first time. Th
We highlight the power of the Gaia DR2 in studying many fine structures of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). Gaia allows us to present many different HRDs, depending in particular on stellar population selections. We do not aim here for complete
In this study we use a sample of about 9 million SkyMapper stars with metallicities to investigate the properties of the two stellar populations seen in the high-velocity ($V_{rm T} > 200$ km/s) Gaia DR2 Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Based on 10,000 r