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In this paper a comprehensive review is given on the current status of achievements in the geometric aspects of the Painleve equations, with a particular emphasis on the discrete Painleve equations. The theory is controlled by the geometry of certain rational surfaces called the spaces of initial values, which are characterized by eight point configuration on $mathbb{P}^1timesmathbb{P}^1$ and classified according to the degeration of points. We give a systematic description of the equations and their various properties, such as affine Weyl group symmetries, hypergeomtric solutions and Lax pairs under this framework, by using the language of Picard lattice and root systems. We also provide with a collection of basic data; equations, point configurations/root data, Weyl group representations, Lax pairs, and hypergeometric solutions of all possible cases.
The classical Painleve equations are so well known that it may come as a surprise to learn that the asymptotic description of its solutions remains incomplete. The problem lies mainly with the description of families of solutions in the complex domai
We study the dependence of the tau function of Painleve I equation on the generalized monodromy of the associated linear problem. In particular, we compute connection constants relating the tau function asymptotics on five canonical rays at infinity.
Discrete Painleve equations are nonlinear, nonautonomous difference equations of second-order. They have coefficients that are explicit functions of the independent variable $n$ and there are three different types of equations according to whether th
Although the theory of discrete Painleve (dP) equations is rather young, more and more examples of such equations appear in interesting and important applications. Thus, it is essential to be able to recognize these equations, to be able to identify
We present two examples of reductions from the evolution equations describing discrete Schlesinger transformations of Fuchsian systems to difference Painleve equations: difference Painleve equation d-$Pleft({A}_{2}^{(1)*}right)$ with the symmetry gro