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The energy deposition spectra of $^{37}$Ar and $^{71}$Ge in a miniature proportional counter are measured and compared in detail to the model response simulated with Geant4. A certain modification of the Geant4 code, making it possible to trace the deexcitation of atomic shells properly, is suggested. Modified Geant4 is able to reproduce a response of particle detectors in detail in the keV energy range. This feature is very important for the laboratory experiments that search for massive sterile neutrinos as well as for dark matter searches that employ direct detection of recoil nuclei. This work demonstrates the reliability of Geant4 simulation at low energies.
The study of low-yield effects requires not only good quality of the original data but also puts high requirements for their processing procedures to increase the efficiency of the selection of useful events. The exploiting of the large cylindrical p
Development of ultra low background gas proportional counters has made the contribution from naturally occurring radioactive isotopes -- primarily $alpha$ and $beta$ activity in the uranium and thorium decay chains -- inconsequential to instrumental
Argon-37 is an environmental signature of an underground nuclear explosion. Producing and quantifying low-level Ar-37 standards is an important step in the development of sensitive field measurement instruments. This paper describes progress at Pacif
A method of measurements of the environmental neutron background at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory of the INR RAS are described. Measurements were done by using of a proportional counter filled with mixture of Ar(2 at)+$^3$He(4 at). The results obta
The Spherical Proportional Counter is a novel type of radiation detector, with a low energy threshold (typically below 100 eV) and good energy resolution. This detector is being developed by the network NEWS, which includes several applications. We c