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We consider the problem of finding universal bounds of isoperimetric or isodiametric type on the spectral gap of the Laplacian on a metric graph with natural boundary conditions at the vertices, in terms of various analytical and combinatorial properties of the graph: its total length, diameter, number of vertices and number of edges. We investigate which combinations of parameters are necessary to obtain non-trivial upper and lower bounds and obtain a number of sharp estimates in terms of these parameters. We also show that, in contrast to the Laplacian matrix on a combinatorial graph, no bound depending only on the diameter is possible. As a special case of our results on metric graphs, we deduce estimates for the normalised Laplacian matrix on combinatorial graphs which, surprisingly, are sometimes sharper than the ones obtained by purely combinatorial methods in the graph theoretical literature.
We study the (massless) Dirac operator on a 3-sphere equipped with Riemannian metric. For the standard metric the spectrum is known. In particular, the eigenvalues closest to zero are the two double eigenvalues +3/2 and -3/2. Our aim is to analyse th
We make a spectral analysis of the massive Dirac operator in a tubular neighborhood of an unbounded planar curve,subject to infinite mass boundary conditions. Under general assumptions on the curvature, we locate the essential spectrum and derive an
We analyze the spectrum of the massless Dirac operator on the 3-torus $mathbb{T}^3$. It is known that it is possible to calculate this spectrum explicitly, that it is symmetric about zero and that each eigenvalue has even multiplicity. However, for a
For the Schrodinger equation $-d^2 u/dx^2 + q(x)u = lambda u$ on a finite $x$-interval, there is defined an asymmetry function $a(lambda;q)$, which is entire of order $1/2$ and type $1$ in $lambda$. Our main result identifies the classes of square-in
We study directed, weighted graphs $G=(V,E)$ and consider the (not necessarily symmetric) averaging operator $$ (mathcal{L}u)(i) = -sum_{j sim_{} i}{p_{ij} (u(j) - u(i))},$$ where $p_{ij}$ are normalized edge weights. Given a vertex $i in V$, we defi