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A two-photon transition in laser-cooled and trapped calcium atoms is proposed as the atomic reference in an optical frequency standard. An efficient scheme for interrogation of the frequency standard is described, and the sensitivity of the clock transition to systematic effects is estimated. Frequency standards based on this transition could lead to compact and portable devices that are capable of rapidly averaging down to $< 10^{-16}$.
Extra-laboratory atomic clocks are necessary for a wide array of applications (e.g. satellite-based navigation and communication). Building upon existing vapor cell and laser technologies, we describe an optical atomic clock, designed around a simple
The $5S_{1/2}rightarrow 5D_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in Rb is of interest for the development of a compact optical atomic clock. Here we present a rigorous calculation of the 778.1~nm ac-Stark shift ($2.30(4) times10^{-13}$(mW/mm$^2$)$^{-1}$) that
Two-photon resonance transition technology has been proven to have a wide range of applications,its limited by the available wavelength of commercial lasers.The application of optical comb technology with direct two-photon transition (DTPT) will not
We have quantified a short term instability budget for an optical frequency standard based on cold, freely expanding calcium atoms. Such systems are the subject of renewed interest due to their high frequency stability and relative technical simplici
Optical frequency standards, lasers stabilized to atomic or molecular transitions, are widely used in length metrology and laser ranging, provide a backbone for optical communications and lie at the heart of next-generation optical atomic clocks. Her