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We will discuss here how structures observed in clusters of galaxies can provide us insight on the formation and evolution of these objects. We will focus primarily on X-ray observations and results from hydrodynamical $N$-body simulations. This paper is based on a talk given at the School of Cosmology Jose Plinio Baptista -- `Cosmological perturbations and Structure Formation in Ubu/ES, Brazil.
Cosmological N-body simulations represent an excellent tool to study the formation and evolution of dark matter (DM) halos and the mechanisms that have originated the universal profile at the largest mass scales in the Universe. In particular, the co
We reconstruct the two-dimensional (2D) matter distributions in 20 high-mass galaxy clusters selected from the CLASH survey by using the new approach of performing a joint weak lensing analysis of 2D shear and azimuthally averaged magnification measu
It is well established that particle acceleration by shocks and turbulence in the intra-cluster medium can produce cluster-scale synchrotron emitting sources. However, the detailed physics of these particle acceleration processes is still not well un
We investigate the relationship between star formation (SF) and substructure in a sample of 107 nearby galaxy clusters using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Several past studies of individual galaxy clusters have suggested that cluster
We review recent progress in the description of the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters in a cosmological context by using numerical simulations. We focus our presentation on the comparison between simulated and observed X-ray properties, whil