اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدHigh-resolution ammonia mapping of the very young protostellar core Chamaeleon-MMS1
108
0
0.0
(
0
)
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Cha-MMS1 was mapped in the NH_3(1,1) line and the 1.2 cm continuum using the Australia Telescope Compact Array, ATCA. The angular resolution of the ATCA observations is 7 (~ 1000 AU), and the velocity resolution is 50 m s^{-1}. The core was also mapped with the 64-m Parkes telesope in the NH_3(1,1) and (2,2) lines. Observations from Herschel Space Observatory and Spitzer Space telescope were used to help interpretation. A compact high column density core with a steep velocity gradient is detected in ammonia, with a fractional ammonia abundance compatible with determinations towards other dense cores. The direction of the velocity gradient agrees with previous single-dish observations, and the overall velocity distribution can be interpreted as rotation. The rotation axis goes through the position of a compact far-infrared source detected by Spitzer and Herschel. The specific angular momentum of the core is typical for protostellar envelopes. A string of 1.2 cm continuum sources is tentatively detected near the rotation axis. The ammonia spectra suggest the presence of warm embedded gas in its vicinity. An hourglass-shaped structure is seen in ammonia at the clouds average LSR velocity, also aligned with the rotation axis. Although this structure resembles a pair of outflow lobes the ammonia spectra show no indications of shocked gas. The observed ammonia structure mainly delineates the inner envelope around the central source. The velocity gradient is likely to originate in the angular momentum of the contracting core, although influence of the outflow from the neighbouring young star IRS4 is possibly visible on one side of the core. The tentative continuum detection and the indications of a warm background component near the rotation axis suggest that the core contains a deeply embedded outflow which may have been missed in previous single-dish CO surveys owing to beam dilution.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
We present the results of Very Large Array NH$_{3}$ $(J,K)=(1,1)$ and $(2,2)$ observations of the HH 111/HH 121 protostellar system. HH 111, with a spectacular collimated optical jet, is one of the most well-known Herbig-Haro objects. We report the d
etection of a new source (NH$_{3}-$S) in the vicinity of HH 111/HH 121 ($sim$0.03 pc from the HH 111 jet source) in two epochs of the ammonia observations. This constitutes the first detection of this source, in a region which has been thoroughly covered previously by both continuum and spectral line interferometric observations. We study the kinematic and physical properties of HH 111 and the newly discovered NH$_{3}-$S. We also use HCO$^{+}$ and HCN $(J=4-3)$ data obtained with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope and archival Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array $^{13}$CO, $^{12}$CO, and C$^{18}$O $(J=2-1)$, N$_2$D$^{+}$ $(J=3-2)$, and $^{13}$CS $(J=5-4)$ data to gain insight into the nature of NH$_{3}-$S. The chemical structure of NH$_3-$S shows evidence for selective freeze-out, an inherent characteristic of dense cold cores. The inner part of NH$_3-$S shows subsonic non-thermal velocity dispersions indicating a coherent core, while they increase in the direction of the jets. Archival near- to far-infrared data show no indication of any embedded source in NH$_3-$S. The properties of NH$_3-$S and its location in the infrared dark cloud suggest that it is a starless core located in a turbulent medium with turbulence induced by Herbig-Haro jets and associated outflows. More data is needed to fully understand the physical and chemical properties of NH$_3-$S and if/how its evolution is affected by nearby jets.
We present radio observations of 18 MIPSGAL bubbles performed at 5 GHz (6 cm) with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in configuration B and BnA. The observations were aimed at understanding what kind of information high-resolution and high-sensitiv
ity radio maps can supply on the circumstellar envelopes of different kinds of evolved stars and what their comparison with infrared images with similar resolution can tell us. We found that the 18 bubbles can be grouped into five categories according to their radio morphology. The three bubbles presenting a central point source in the radio images all correspond to luminous blue variable star candidates. Eleven bubbles show an elliptical shape and the total lack of a central object in the radio, and are likely associated with planetary nebulae. Under this assumption we derive their distance, their ionized mass and their distribution on the Galactic plane. We discuss the possibility that the MIPSGAL bubbles catalogue (428 objects) may contain a large fraction of all Galactic planetary nebulae located at a distance between 1.4 kpc and 6.9 kpc and lying in the MIPSGAL field of view. Among the remaining bubbles we identify also a H II region and a proto-planetary nebula candidate.
We present the results of ammonia observations towards 66 massive star forming regions identified by the Red MSX source survey. We have used the Green Bank Telescope and the K-band focal plane array to map the ammonia NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) inversion em
ission at a resolution of 30 arcsec in 8 arcmin regions towards the positions of embedded massive star formation. We have identified a total of 115 distinct clumps, approximately two-thirds of which are associated with an embedded massive young stellar object or compact HII region, while the others are classified as quiescent. There is a strong spatial correlation between the peak NH3 emission and the presence of embedded objects. We derive the spatial distribution of the kinetic gas temperatures, line widths, and NH$_3$ column densities from these maps, and by combining these data with dust emission maps we estimate clump masses, H$_2$ column densities and ammonia abundances. The clumps have typical masses of ~1000 Msun and radii ~0.5 pc, line widths of ~2 km/s and kinetic temperatures of ~16-20 K. We find no significant difference between the sizes and masses of the star forming and quiescent subsamples; however, the distribution maps reveal the presence of temperature and line width gradients peaking towards the centre for the star forming clumps while the quiescent clumps show relatively uniform temperatures and line widths throughout. Virial analysis suggests that the vast majority of clumps are gravitationally bound and are likely to be in a state of global free fall in the absence of strong magnetic fields. The similarities between the properties of the two subsamples suggest that the quiescent clumps are also likely to form massive stars in the future, and therefore provide a excellent opportunity to study the initial conditions of massive pre-stellar and protostellar clumps.
We present an overview of the first data release (DR1) and first-look science from the Green Bank Ammonia Survey (GAS). GAS is a Large Program at the Green Bank Telescope to map all Gould Belt star-forming regions with $A_V gtrsim 7$ mag visible from
the northern hemisphere in emission from NH$_3$ and other key molecular tracers. This first release includes the data for four regions in Gould Belt clouds: B18 in Taurus, NGC 1333 in Perseus, L1688 in Ophiuchus, and Orion A North in Orion. We compare the NH$_3$ emission to dust continuum emission from Herschel, and find that the two tracers correspond closely. NH$_3$ is present in over 60% of lines-of-sight with $A_V gtrsim 7$ mag in three of the four DR1 regions, in agreement with expectations from previous observations. The sole exception is B18, where NH$_3$ is detected toward ~ 40% of lines-of-sight with $A_V gtrsim 7$ mag. Moreover, we find that the NH$_3$ emission is generally extended beyond the typical 0.1 pc length scales of dense cores. We produce maps of the gas kinematics, temperature, and NH$_3$ column densities through forward modeling of the hyperfine structure of the NH$_3$ (1,1) and (2,2) lines. We show that the NH$_3$ velocity dispersion, ${sigma}_v$, and gas kinetic temperature, $T_K$, vary systematically between the regions included in this release, with an increase in both the mean value and spread of ${sigma}_v$ and $T_K$ with increasing star formation activity. The data presented in this paper are publicly available.
We present the results from NH$_{3}$ mapping observations towards 34 regions identified by the Red MSX Source (RMS) survey. We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array to map ammonia (1,1) and (2,2) inversion emission spectra at a resolution o
f 10 with velocity channel resolution of 0.4$,$km$,$s$^{-1}$ towards the positions of embedded massive star formation. Complementary data have been used from the ATLASGAL and GLIMPSE Legacy Surveys in order to improve the understanding of the regions and to estimate physical parameters for the environments. The fields have typical masses of ~1000$,$M$odot$, radii of ~0.15$,$pc and distances of ~3.5$,$kpc. Luminosities range between ~10$^{3}$ to ~10$^{6}$$,$L$odot$ and kinetic temperatures between 10 and 40$,$K. We classify each field into one of two subsets in order to construct an evolutionary system for massive star formation in these regions based on the morphology and relative positions of the NH$_{3}$ emission, RMS sources and ATLASGAL thermal dust emission. Differences in morphology between NH$_{3}$ emission and ATLASGAL clumps are shown to correspond to evolutionary stages of ongoing massive star formation in these regions. The study has been further refined by including the positions of known methanol and water masers in the regions to gain insight into possible protostellar regions and triggered star formation.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
