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We use the first Betti number of a complex to characterize the morphological structure of granular samples in mechanical equilibrium. We analyze two-dimensional granular packings after a tapping process by means of both simulations and experiments. States with equal packing fraction obtained with different tapping intensities are distinguished after the introduction of a filtration parameter which determines the particles (nodes in the network) that are joined by an edge. We first use numerical simulations to characterize the effect of the precision in the particles localization by artificially adding different levels of noise in this magnitude. The outcomes obtained for the simulations are then compared with the experimental results allowing a clear distinction of experimental packings that have the same density. This is accomplished by just using the position of the particles and no other information about the possible contacts, or magnitude of forces.
Static granular packs have been studied in the last three decades in the frame of a modified equilibrium statistical mechanics that assumes ergodicity as a basic postulate. The canonical example on which this framework is tested consists in the serie
Using X-ray tomography, we experimentally investigate granular packings subject to mechanical tapping for three types of beads with different friction coefficients. We validate Edwards volume ensemble in these three-dimensional granular systems and e
We develop a technique to directly study spinons (emergent spin S = 1/2 particles) in quantum spin models in any number of dimensions. The size of a spinon wave packet and of a bound pair (a triplon) are defined in terms of wave-function overlaps tha
We present a detailed analysis of the bounds on the integration step in Discrete Element Method (DEM) for simulating collisions and shearing of granular assemblies. We show that, in the numerical scheme, the upper limit for the integration step, usua
The drag force exerted on an object intruding into granular media can depend on the objects velocity as well as the depth penetrated. We report on intrusion experiments at constant speed over four orders in magnitude together with systematic molecula