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تسجيل مستخدم جديدAn informal introduction to perturbations of matrices determined up to similarity or congruence
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The reductions of a square complex matrix A to its canonical forms under transformations of similarity, congruence, or *congruence are unstable operations: these canonical forms and reduction transformations depend discontinuously on the entries of A. We survey results about their behavior under perturbations of A and about normal forms of all matrices A+E in a neighborhood of A with respect to similarity, congruence, or *congruence. These normal forms are called miniversal deformations of A; they are not uniquely determined by A+E, but they are simple and depend continuously on the entries of E.
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