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The derivation of the Helmholtz theorem of vector decomposition of a 3-vector field requires that the field satisfy certain convergence properties at spatial infinity. This paper investigates if time-dependent electromagnetic radiation wave fields, which are of long range, satisfy these requirements. It is found that the requirements are satisfied because the fields give rise to integrals over the radial distance r of integrands of the form sin(kr)/r and cos(kr)/r. These Dirichlet integrals converge at infinity as required.
Decomposing the field scattered by an object into vector spherical harmonics (VSH) is the prime task when discussing its optical properties on more analytical grounds. Thus far, it was frequently required in the decomposition that the scattered field
Can quantum-mechanical particles propagating on a fixed spacetime background be approximated as test bodies satisfying the weak equivalence principle? We ultimately answer the question in the negative but find that, when universality of free-fall is
Unsupervised pretraining is an integral part of many natural language processing systems, and transfer learning with language models has achieved remarkable results in many downstream tasks. In the clinical application of medical code assignment, dia
Using the Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) method, we compute the electromagnetic field distribution in and around dielectric media of various shapes and optical properties. With the aid of the constitutive relations, we proceed to compute the bo
Cylindrical vector beam (CVB) is a structured lightwave characterized by its topologically nontrivial nature of the optical polarization. The unique electromagnetic field configuration of CVBs has been exploited to optical tweezers, laser acceleratio