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تسجيل مستخدم جديدElectroweak Measurements of Neutron Densities in CREX and PREX at JLab, USA
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Measurement of the parity-violating electron scattering asymmetry is an established technique at Jefferson Lab and provides a new opportunity to measure the weak charge distribution and hence pin down the neutron radius in nuclei in a relatively clean and model-independent way. This is because the Z boson of the weak interaction couples primarily to neutrons. We will describe the PREX and CREX experiments on ${}^{208}$Pb and ${}^{48}$Ca respectively; these are both doubly-magic nuclei whose first excited state can be discriminated by the high resolution spectrometers at JLab. The heavier lead nucleus, with a neutron excess, provides an interpretation of the neutron skin thickness in terms of properties of bulk neutron matter. For the lighter ${}^{48}$Ca nucleus, which is also rich in neutrons, microscopic nuclear theory calculations are feasible and are sensitive to poorly constrained 3-neutron forces.
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Measurement of the parity-violating electron scattering asymmetry from ${}^{208}$Pb has demonstrated a new opportunity at Jefferson Lab to measure the weak charge distribution and hence pin down the neutron radius in nuclei in a relatively clean and
model-independent way. This is because the Z boson of the weak interaction couples primarily to neutrons. We will describe the PREX and CREX experiments on ${}^{208}$Pb and ${}^{48}$Ca respectively. PREX-I ran in 2010, and CREX and a second run of PREX are currently in preparation.
The charge and magnetic form factors, FC and FM, of 3He have been extracted in the kinematic range 25 fm-2 < Q2 < 61 fm-2 from elastic electron scattering by detecting 3He recoil nuclei and electrons in coincidence with the High Resolution Spectromet
ers of the Hall A Facility at Jefferson Lab. The measurements are indicative of a second diffraction minimum for the magnetic form factor, which was predicted in the Q2 range of this experiment, and of a continuing diffractive structure for the charge form factor. The data are in qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations based on realistic interactions and accurate methods to solve the three-body nuclear problem.
Measurements of the electric and the magnetic neutron form factors have been performed at the Mainz Microtron for more than 20 years. These MAMI experiments are reviewed in the context of measurements from other groups, and future measurements at MAMI are outlined.
The JYFLTRAP mass spectrometer was used to measure the masses of neutron-rich nuclei in the region between N = 28 to N = 82 with uncertainties better than 10 keV. The impacts on nuclear structure and the r-process paths are reviewed.
Determination of the high density behavior of the symmetry energy through the simultaneous measurement of elliptic flow excitation functions of neutrons, protons and light clusters is proposed. The elliptic flow developed in relativistic heavy ion co
llisions has been proven theoretically and experimentally to have a unique sensitivity and robustness in probing the symmetry energy up to around $2 rho_{o}$. The knowledge of the density dependence of the symmetry energy in a broad range of densities will provide a missing link for astrophysical predictions of the neutron star mass--radius relation. In particular, the data colud provide tighter constraints on the slope parameter L and entirely new limits on $K_{sym}$, the currently poorly constrained symmetry energy curvature parameter.
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