A new method of extracting diffractive parton distributions is presented which avoids the use of Regge theory ansatz and is in much closer relation with the factorisation theorem for diffractive hard processes.
We report on investigations concerning the production of large transverse momentum jets in DIS diffractive dissociation. These processes constitute a new class of events that allow for a clean test of perturbative QCD and of the hard (perturbative) p
omeron picture. The measurement of the corresponding cross sections might possibly serve to determine the gluon density of the proton.
We calculate the diffraction slope $B_{D}$ for diffractive DIS. We find a counterintuitive rise of $B_{D}$ from exclusive diffractive excitation of vector mesons to excitation of continuum states with $M^{2} sim Q^{2}$. For the small-mass continuum w
e predict a rapid variation of $B_{D}$ with $M^{2}$ on the scale $m_{V}^{2}$ and a sharp drop of $B_{D}$ for a small-mass continuum above the vector meson excitation.
We introduce a novel grooming procedure, which is an extension of the modified MassDrop tagging algorithm, tailored to the needs of deep inelastic scattering (DIS). The new algorithm, which grooms the event as a whole, takes advantage of the natural
separation of current and target fragmentation in the Breit frame, in order to eliminate radiation in the beam and central rapidity regions. We study the groomed invariant mass in DIS and within soft-collinear effective theory we construct a factorization theorem for the cross-section in the back-to-back limit. In this limit we show that, up to a normalization factor, the cross-section does not depend on the incoming hadronic matrix element and we propose this measurement at HERA and the future electron-ion collider (EIC) as a probe to hadronization, precision QCD, and cold nuclear matter effects. We also give an event based definition of the Winner-Take-All axis and comment on possible applications.
LPS provides access to new fundamental observables: the diffraction cone and azimuthal asymmetries. Diffraction cone has a unique rise of $B_T$ from the exclusive limit to excitation of continuum $M^2 approx Q^2$ which is in striking contrast to expe
rience with real photoproduction and hadronic diffraction. Azimuthal asymmetry is large and pQCD calculable at large $beta$ and can be measured with LPS. It allows testing of the pQCD prediction of $L/T >> 1$.
We determine diffractive parton distributions of the proton from DGLAP based fits to HERA data including the twist--4 contribution from longitudinal polarized virtual photons, which is known to be important in the region of large beta. The biggest im
pact of this contribution is on the diffractive gluon distribution and on the diffractive longitudinal structure function to be determined from HERA data.