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The influence of the space charge of ions emitted from the surface of a conical spike on its shape has been studied. The problem of the calculation of the spatial distributions of the electric field, ion velocity field, and the space charge density near the cone tip has been reduced to the analysis of a system of ordinary differential equations. As a result of numerical solution of these equations, the criterion of the balance of the capillary and electrostatic forces on the conic surface of a liquid-metal anode has been determined. It has allowed us to relate the electrical current flowing through the system, the applied potential difference and the cone angle. We have compared the results of our calculations with available experimental data concerning emission from the surface of pure liquid gallium (Ga), indium (In), tin (Sn), and some liquid alloys, such as Au+Si, Co+Ge, and Au+Ge. On the basis of the proposed model, explanations have been given for a number of specific features of the emissive behavior of different systems.
Cherenkov radiation (CR) generated by a charge moving through a hollow conical target made of dielectric material is analyzed. We consider two cases: the charge moves from the base of the cone to its top (``straight cone) or from the top to the base
The influence of morphology on the optical properties of silver nanoparticles is studied. A general relationship between the surface plasmon resonances and the morphology of each nanoparticle is established. The optical response is investigated for c
The initial modulation in the scheme for Coherent electron Cooling (CeC) rests on the screening of the ion charge by electrons. However, in a CeC system with a bunched electron beam, inevitably, a long-range longitudinal space charge force is introdu
Silicon is a promising candidate for negative electrodes due to its high theoretical specific capacity (~3579 mAh g-1) and low lithiation potential (~0.40 V vs Li). However, its practical applications in battery have been inhibited by the large volum
A study of the relation between the electrostatic charge density at a point on a conducting surface and the curvature of the surface (at that point) is presented. Two major scientific literature on this topic are reviewed and the apparent discrepancy