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تسجيل مستخدم جديدBL Lac Objects: Laboratories to study the environment and properties of emitting particles in relativistic jets
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We report the variation of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars as a function of source activity, based on available, simultaneous multi-wavelength (MWL) observations of BL Lac objects. We use a fully automatized c{hi}2 minimization procedure, instead of the commonly used eye-ball fit, to model the data sets with a one-zone Synchrotron-Self-Compton (SSC) model. The obtained SSC parameters are then analyzed as a function of source luminosity, and the correlation between parameters is shown. Possibilities of improving the present observational and modeling status of BL Lac objects are also discussed.
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Since the last meeting on BL Lac objects 10 years ago, BL Lac host galaxies and their cluster environment have gained much attention. Hence, our current knowledge of the properties of BL Lac host galaxies and their cluster environment has improved co
nsiderably, which will be reviewed. The importance of future observing programs using (very) large telescopes is briefly outlined.
The most elusive and extreme sub-class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), known as BL Lac objects, shows features that can only be explained as the result of relativistic effects occurring in jets pointing at a small angle with respect to the line of
sight. A long standing issue is the identification of the BL Lac parent population, having jets oriented at larger angles. According to the unification scenario of AGNs, radio galaxies with low luminosity and edge-darkened radio morphology are the most promising candidates to be the parent population of BL Lacs. Here we compare the large-scale environment, an orientation independent property, of well-defined samples of BL Lacs with samples of radio-galaxies all lying in the local Universe. Our study reveals that BL Lacs and radio galaxies live in significantly different environments, challenging predictions of the unification scenario. We propose a solution to this problem proving that large-scale environments of BL Lacs is statistically consistent with that of compact radio-sources, known as FR0s, sharing similar properties. This implies that highly relativistic jets are ubiquitous and are the natural outcome of the accretion of gas into the deep gravitational potential well produced by supermassive black holes.
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E.J. Lindfors (Tuorla Observatory
, Department of Physics andn Astronomy
, University of Turku Finland
2016
We compare the variability properties of very high energy gamma-ray emitting BL Lac objects in the optical and radio bands. We use the variability information to distinguish multiple emission components in the jet, to be used as a guidance for spectr
al energy distribution modelling. Our sample includes 32 objects in the Northern sky that have data for at least 2 years in both bands. We use optical R-band data from the Tuorla blazar monitoring program and 15 GHz radio data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory blazer monitoring program. We estimate the variability amplitudes using the intrinsic modulation index, and study the time-domain connection by cross-correlating the optical and radio light curves assuming power law power spectral density. Our sample objects are in general more variable in the optical than radio. We find correlated flares in about half of the objects, and correlated long-term trends in more than 40% of the objects. In these objects we estimate that at least 10%-50% of the optical emission originates in the same emission region as the radio, while the other half is due to faster variations not seen in the radio. This implies that simple single-zone spectral energy distribution models are not adequate for many of these objects.
Using three complete, radio flux limited, blazar samples we compare the LogN-LogS and the preliminary radio luminosity function of the general population of BL Lacs to those of the subclass of high energy synchrotron peaked (HBL) BL Lacs. We also exa
mine recent results on the cosmological evolution in different samples of BL Lacs and we investigate the controversial issue of the correlation between the synchrotron peak frequency and radio luminosity in BL Lacertae objects. We find that the fraction of HBL objects is approximately the same at all observed radio fluxes and luminosities implying that there cannot be any strong correlation between the position of the synchrotron peak and radio luminosity. The amount of cosmological evolution in BL Lacs is confirmed to be low and negative at low radio fluxes, although the large number of objects without redshift prevents a precise estimation. At high radio fluxes the amount of cosmological evolution is zero or slightly positive but this could be induced by a possible contamination with Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars.
We fit the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 46 GeV - TeV BL Lac objects in the frame of leptonic one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model and investigate the physical properties of these objects. We use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
method to obtain the basic parameters, such as magnetic field (B), the break energy of the relativistic electron distribution ($gamma_{rm{b}}$) and the electron energy spectral index. Based on the modeling results, we support the following scenarios on GeV-TeV BL Lac objects: (1) Some sources have large Doppler factors, implying other radiation mechanism should be considered. (2) Comparing with FSRQs, GeV-TeV BL Lac objects have weaker magnetic field and larger Doppler factor, which cause the ineffective cooling and shift the SEDs to higher bands. Their jet powers are around $4.0times 10^{45}~rm{ ergcdot s}^{-1}$, comparing with radiation power, $5.0times 10^{42}~rm{ ergcdot s}^{-1}$, indicating that only a small fraction of jet power is transformed into the emission power. (3) For some BL Lacs with large Doppler factors, their jet components could have two substructures, e.g., the fast core and the slow sheath. For most GeV-TeV BL Lacs, Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are suppressed by their higher magnetic fields, leading few micro-variability or intro-day variability in the optical bands. (4) Combined with a sample of FSRQs, an anti-correlation between the peak luminosity $L_{rm {pk}}$ and the peak frequency $ u_{rm {pk}}$ is obtained, favoring the blazar sequence scenario. In addition, an anti-correlation between the jet power $P_{rm {jet}}$ and the break Lorentz factor $gamma_{rm {b}}$ also supports the blazar sequence.
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