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Inspired in previous works of Xiangdong Ji, published in PRL and PRD in 1995, we worked out an alternative way to separate within the structure of QCD, the hadron masses into contributions of quark and gluon kinetic and potential energies, quark masses and the trace anomaly. With respect to the nucleon mass the present results are between the two approximations developed by Ji. We also developed three approximations for the separation of the pion mass, which is also compared with Ji results. With the help of the quark condensate relation obtained by Nassif and Silva in 2006, we were able to separate the quark energy into its kinetic and potential parts.
Achieving a precise description of the internal structure of hadrons is a hard task, since there are several bottlenecks to obtain theoretical predictions starting from first principles. In order to complement the highly-accurate experiments, it is n
The paper examines the geometrical properties of a six-dimensional Kaluza-Klein type model. They may have an impact on the model of the structure of a neutron and its excited states in the realm of one particle physics. The statistical reason for the
We study the mass/energy structure of the bound state of hadrons in two-dimensional quantum chromodynamics in the large number of color limit (t Hooft model). We analyze separately the contributions from the traceless and trace part of the energy-mom
We briefly review the key aspect of the QCD instanton vacuum in relation to the quantum breaking of conformal symmetry and the trace anomaly. We use Ji$^prime s$ invariant mass decomposition of the energy momentum tensor together with the trace anoma
We make an estimation of the mass of the universe by considering the behavior of a very special test particle when described both by using the Newtonian mechanics as well through a scalar field theory of the Yukawa kind. Naturally, Hubbles law is also taken in account.