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When a population inhabits an inhomogeneous environment, the fitness value of traits can vary with the position in the environment. Gene flow caused by random mating can nevertheless prevent that a sexually reproducing population splits into different species under such circumstances. This is the problem of sympatric speciation. However, mating need not be entirely random. Here, we present a model where the individually advantageous preference for partners of high fitness can lead to genetic clustering as a precondition for speciation. In simulations, in appropriate parameter regimes, our model leads to the rapid fixation of the corresponding alleles.
A square lattice is introduced into the Penna model for biological aging in order to study the evolution of diploid sexual populations under certain conditions when one single locus in the individuals genome is considered as identifier of species. Th
How large ecosystems can create and maintain the remarkable biodiversity we see in nature is probably one of the biggest open question in science, attracting attention from different fields, from Theoretical Ecology to Mathematics and Physics. In thi
The fitness of a biological strategy is typically measured by its expected reproductive rate, the first moment of its offspring distribution. However, strategies with high expected rates can also have high probabilities of extinction. A similar situa
Microorganisms live in environments that inevitably fluctuate between mild and harsh conditions. As harsh conditions may cause extinctions, the rate at which fluctuations occur can shape microbial communities and their diversity, but we still lack an
Species richness varies widely across the tree of life, and there is great interest in identifying ecological, geographic, and other factors that affect rates of species proliferation. Recent methods for explicitly modeling the relationships among ch