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We have performed x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) studies of the diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor Zn$_{1-textit{x}}$Cr$_textit{x}$Te doped with iodine (I) or nitrogen (N), corresponding to electron or hole doping, respectively. From the shape of the Cr $2p$ absorption peak in the XAS spectra, it was concluded that Cr ions in the undoped, I-doped and lightly N-doped samples are divalent (Cr$^{2+}$), while Cr$^{2+}$ and trivalent (Cr$^{3+}$) coexist in the heavily N-doped sample. This result indicates that the doped nitrogen atoms act as acceptors but that doped holes are located on the Cr ions. In the magnetic-field dependence of the XMCD signal at the Cr $2p$ absorption edge, ferromagnetic behaviors were observed in the undoped, I-doped, and lightly N-doped samples, while ferromagnetism was considerably suppressed in heavily N-doped sample, which is consistent with the results of magnetization measurements.
BiFeO$_3$ (BFO) shows both ferroelectricity and magnetic ordering at room temperature but its ferromagnetic component, which is due to spin canting, is negligible. Substitution of transition-metal atoms such as Co for Fe is known to enhance the ferro
We have investigated the electronic structure of ZnO:Mn and ZnO:Mn,N thin films using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and resonance-photoemission spectroscopy. From the Mn 2$p$$rightarrow3d$ XMCD results, it is shown that, while XMCD signals
We report on the results of x-ray absorption (XAS), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and photoemission experiments on {it n}-type Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_x$O ($x=0.05$) thin film, which shows ferromagnetism at room temperature. The XMCD spectra show a
We have performed x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and valence-band photoemission studies of the diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor Zn$_{1-x}$Cr$_x$Te. XMCD signals due to ferromagnetism were observed at the Cr 2p absorption edge. Comparison
We demonstrate sensitivity of the Mn 3d valence states to strain in the ferromagnetic semiconductors (Ga,Mn)As and (Al,Ga,Mn)As, using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The spectral shape of the Mn $L_{2,3}$ XMCD is dependent on the orientati