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تسجيل مستخدم جديدA dual-band millimeter-wave kinetic inductance camera for the IRAM 30-meter telescope
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Context. The Neel IRAM KIDs Array (NIKA) is a fully-integrated measurement system based on kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) currently being developed for millimeter wave astronomy. In a first technical run, NIKA was successfully tested in 2009 at the Institute for Millimetric Radio Astronomy (IRAM) 30-meter telescope at Pico Veleta, Spain. This prototype consisted of a 27-42 pixel camera imaging at 150 GHz. Subsequently, an improved system has been developed and tested in October 2010 at the Pico Veleta telescope. The instrument upgrades included dual-band optics allowing simultaneous imaging at 150 GHz and 220 GHz, faster sampling electronics enabling synchronous measurement of up to 112 pixels per measurement band, improved single-pixel sensitivity, and the fabrication of a sky simulator to replicate conditions present at the telescope. Results. The new dual-band NIKA was successfully tested in October 2010, performing in-line with sky simulator predictions. Initially the sources targeted during the 2009 run were re-imaged, verifying the improved system performance. An optical NEP was then calculated to be around 2 dot 10-16 W/Hz1/2. This improvement in comparison with the 2009 run verifies that NIKA is approaching the target sensitivity for photon-noise limited ground-based detectors. Taking advantage of the larger arrays and increased sensitivity, a number of scientifically-relevant faint and extended objects were then imaged including the Galactic Center SgrB2(FIR1), the radio galaxy Cygnus A and the NGC1068 Seyfert galaxy. These targets were all observed simultaneously in the 150 GHz and 220 GHz atmospheric windows.
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Current generation millimeter wavelength detectors suffer from scaling limits imposed by complex cryogenic readout electronics. To circumvent this it is imperative to investigate technologies that intrinsically incorporate strong multiplexing. One po
ssible solution is the kinetic inductance detector (KID). In order to assess the potential of this nascent technology, a prototype instrument optimized for the 2 mm atmospheric window was constructed. Known as the Neel IRAM KIDs Array (NIKA), it was recently tested at the Institute for Millimetric Radio Astronomy (IRAM) 30-meter telescope at Pico Veleta, Spain. The measurement resulted in the imaging of a number of sources, including planets, quasars, and galaxies. The images for Mars, radio star MWC349, quasar 3C345, and galaxy M87 are presented. From these results, the optical NEP was calculated to be around $1 times 10^{-15}$ W$ / $Hz$^{1/2}$. A factor of 10 improvement is expected to be readily feasible by improvements in the detector materials and reduction of performance-degrading spurious radiation.
NIKA2 is a dual-band millimetric continuum camera of 2900 Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID), operating at $150$ and $260,rm{GHz}$, installed at the IRAM 30-meter telescope. We present the performance assessment of NIKA2 after one year of observation
using a dedicated point-source calibration method, referred to as the emph{baseline} method. Using a large data set acquired between January 2017 and February 2018 that span the whole range of observing elevations and atmospheric conditions encountered at the IRAM 30-m telescope, we test the stability of the performance parameters. We report an instantaneous field of view (FOV) of 6.5 in diameter, filled with an average fraction of $84%$ and $90%$ of valid detectors at $150$ and $260,rm{GHz}$, respectively. The beam pattern is characterized by a FWHM of $17.6 pm 0.1$ and $11.1pm 0.2$, and a beam efficiency of $77% pm 2%$ and $55% pm 3%$ at $150$ and $260,rm{GHz}$, respectively. The rms calibration uncertainties are about $3%$ at $150,rm{GHz}$ and $6%$ at $260,rm{GHz}$. The absolute calibration uncertainties are of $5%$ and the systematic calibration uncertainties evaluated at the IRAM 30-m reference Winter observing conditions are below $1%$ in both channels. The noise equivalent flux density (NEFD) at $150$ and $260,rm{GHz}$ are of $9 pm 1, rm{mJy}cdot s^{1/2}$ and $30 pm 3, rm{mJy}cdot s^{1/2}$. This state-of-the-art performance confers NIKA2 with mapping speeds of $1388 pm 174$ and $111 pm 11 ,rm{arcmin}^2cdot rm{mJy}^{-2}cdot rm{h}^{-1}$ at $150$ and $260,rm{GHz}$. With these unique capabilities of fast dual-band mapping at high (better that 18) angular resolution, NIKA2 is providing an unprecedented view of the millimetre Universe.
Millimeter-wave continuum astronomy is today an indispensable tool for both general Astrophysics studies and Cosmology. General purpose, large field-of-view instruments are needed to map the sky at intermediate angular scales not accessible by the hi
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Lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) are an attractive technology for millimeter-wave observations that require large arrays of extremely low-noise detectors. We designed, fabricated and characterized 64-element (128 LEKID) arrays of
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