ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We introduce a variant of the replica trick within the nonlinear sigma model that allows calculating the distribution function of the persistent current. In the diffusive regime, a Gaussian distribution is derived. This result holds in the presence of local interactions as well. Breakdown of the Gaussian statistics is predicted for the tails of the distribution function at large deviations.
We have measured the persistent current in individual normal metal rings over a wide range of magnetic fields. From this data, we extract the first six cumulants of the single-ring persistent current distribution. Our results are consistent with the
We develop a method for calculation of charge transfer statistics of persistent current in nanostructures in terms of the cumulant generating function (CGF) of transferred charge. We consider a simply connected one-dimensional system (a wire) and dev
We demonstrate theoretically that an off-resonant circularly polarized electromagnetic field can induce a persistent current in carbon nanotubes, which corresponds to electron rotation about the nanotube axis. As a consequence, the nanotubes acquire
The interaction-induced orbital magnetic response of a nanoscale system, modeled by the persistent current in a ring geometry, is evaluated for a system which is a superconductor in the bulk. The interplay of the renormalized Coulomb and Fr{o}hlich i
We measure the full distribution of current fluctuations in a single-electron transistor with a controllable bistability. The conductance switches randomly between two levels due to the tunneling of single electrons in a separate single-electron box.