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The spinodal amplification of density fluctuations is treated perturbatively within dissipative fluid dynamics for the purpose of elucidating the prospects for this mechanism to cause a phase separation to occur during a relativistic nuclear collision. The present study includes not only viscosity but also heat conduction (whose effect on the growth rates is of comparable magnitude but opposite), as well as a gradient term in the local pressure, and the corresponding dispersion relation for collective modes in bulk matter is derived from relativistic fluid dynamics. A suitable two-phase equation of state is obtained by interpolation between a hadronic gas and a quark-gluon plasma, while the transport coefficients are approximated by simple parametrizations that are suitable at any degree of net baryon density. We calculate the degree of spinodal amplification occurring along specific dynamical phase trajectories characteristic of nuclear collision at various energies. The results bring out the important fact that the prospects for spinodal phase separation to occur can be greatly enhanced by careful tuning of the collision energy to ensure that the thermodynamic conditions associated with the maximum compression lie inside the region of spinodal instability.
The sign change of the slope of the directed flow of baryons has been predicted as a signal for a first order phase transition within fluid dynamical calculations. Recently, the directed flow of identified particles has been measured by the STAR coll
Predictions for the global polarization of $Lambda$ hyperons in Au+Au collisions at moderately relativistic collision energies, 2.4 $leqsqrt{s_{NN}}leq$ 11 GeV, are made. These are based on the thermodynamic approach to the global polarization incorp
Central collisions of gold nuclei are simulated by several existing models and the central net baryon density rho and the energy density eps are extracted at successive times, for beam kinetic energies of 5-40 GeV per nucleon. The resulting trajector
We summarize our current understanding of the connection between the QCD phase line and the chemical freeze-out curve as deduced from thermal analyses of yields of particles produced in central collisions between relativistic nuclei.
We calculate the contribution to the polarization of $Lambda$ hyperons in relativistic nuclear collisions at high energy from the decays of $Sigma^*(1385)$ and $Sigma^0$, which are the predominant sources of $Lambda$ production besides the primary co