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تسجيل مستخدم جديدDiscovery of a new photometric sub-class of faint and fast classical novae
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M. M. Kasliwal
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We present photometric and spectroscopic follow-up of a sample of extragalactic novae discovered by the Palomar 60-inch telescope during a search for Fast Transients In Nearest Galaxies (P60-FasTING). Designed as a fast cadence (1-day) and deep (g < 21 mag) survey, P60-FasTING was particularly sensitive to short-lived and faint optical transients. The P60-FasTING nova sample includes 10 novae in M31, 6 in M81, 3 in M82, 1 in NGC2403 and 1 in NGC891. This significantly expands the known sample of extragalactic novae beyond the Local Group, including the first discoveries in a starburst environment. Surprisingly, our photometry shows that this sample is quite inconsistent with the canonical Maximum Magnitude Rate of Decline (MMRD) relation for classical novae. Furthermore, the spectra of the P60-FasTING sample are indistinguishable from classical novae. We suggest that we have uncovered a sub-class of faint and fast classical novae in a new phase space in luminosity-timescale of optical transients. Thus, novae span two orders of magnitude in both luminosity and time. Perhaps, the MMRD, which is characterized only by the white dwarf mass, was an over-simplification. Nova physics appears to be characterized by quite a rich four-dimensional parameter space in white dwarf mass, temperature, composition and accretion rate.
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I report new orbital periods (P) for 13 classical novae, based on light curves from TESS, AAVSO, and other public archives. These new nova periods now constitute nearly one-seventh of all known nova periods. Five of my systems have P>1 day, which dou
bles the number of such systems that must have evolved companion stars. (This is simply because ground-based time series have neither the coverage nor the stability required to discover these small-amplitude long periods.) V1016 Sgr has a rare P below the period gap, and suddenly becomes useful for current debates on evolution of novae. Five of the novae (FM Cir, V399 Del, V407 Lup, YZ Ret, and V549 Vel) have the orbital modulations in the tail of the eruption after the transition phase. Soon after the transition, YZ Ret shows a unique set of aperiodic diminishing oscillations, plus YZ Ret shows two highly-significant transient periods, 1.1% and 4.5% longer than the orbital period, much like for the superhump phenomenon. I also report an optical 591.27465 second periodicity for V407 Lup, which is coherent and must be tied to the white dwarf spin period. The new orbital periods in days are 0.1883907 +- 0.0000048 for V1405 Cas, 3.4898 +- 0.0072 for FM Cir, 0.162941 +- 0.000060 for V339 Del, 3.513 +- 0.020 for V407 Lup, 1.32379 +- 0.00048 for V2109 Oph, 3.21997 +- 0.00039 for V392 Per, 0.1628714 +- 0.0000110 for V598 Pup, 0.1324539 +- 0.0000098 for YZ Ret, 0.07579635 +- 0.00000017 for V1016 Sgr, 7.101 +- 0.016 for V5583 Sgr, 0.61075 +- 0.00071 for V1534 Sco, 0.40319 +- 0.00005 for V549 Vel, and 0.146501 +- 0.000058 for NQ Vul.
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