ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Foams are surfaces with branch lines at which three sheets merge. They have been used in the categorification of sl(3) quantum knot invariants and also in physics. The 2D-TQFT of surfaces, on the other hand, is classified by means of commutative Frobenius algebras, where saddle points correspond to multiplication and comultiplication. In this paper, we explore algebraic operations that branch lines derive under TQFT. In particular, we investigate Lie bracket and bialgebra structures. Relations to the original Frobenius algebra structures are discussed both algebraically and diagrammatically.
The main purpose of this article is to develop an explicit derived deformation theory of algebraic structures at a high level of generality, encompassing in a common framework various kinds of algebras (associative, commutative, Poisson...) or bialge
We propose a two-parametric non-distributive algebraic structure that follows from $(q,q)$-logarithm and $(q,q)$-exponential functions. Properties of generalized $(q,q)$-operators are analyzed. We also generalize the proposal into a multi-parametric
For an arbitrary identity L=R between compositions of maps L and R on tensors of vector spaces V, a general construction of a 2-cocycle condition is given. These 2-cocycles correspond to those obtained in deformation theories of algebras. The constru
We introduce the multiplexing of a crossing, replacing a classical crossing of a virtual link diagram with multiple crossings which is a mixture of classical and virtual. For integers $m_{i}$ $(i=1,ldots,n)$ and an ordered $n$-component virtual link
We show that the sutured Khovanov homology of a balanced tangle in the product sutured manifold D x I has rank 1 if and only if the tangle is isotopic to a braid.