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In a previous paper, one of us pointed out that the anomalous dimension matrices for all physical processes that have been calculated to date are complex symmetric, if stated in an orthonormal basis. In this paper we prove this fact and show that it is only true in a subset of all possible orthonormal bases, but that this subset is the natural one to use for physical calculations.
Three-loop counterterms for the Standard Model (SM) revealed that the matrix of anomalous dimensions ($gamma$) of quarks is divergent in the $d to 4$ limit unless a carefully chosen non-Hermitian square-root of $Z$ matrix is used in the textbook form
We present the full analytic result for the three-loop angle-dependent cusp anomalous dimension in QCD. With this result, infrared divergences of planar scattering processes with massive particles can be predicted to that order. Moreover, we define a
We review the current status of calculations of the HQET field anomalous dimension and the cusp anomalous dimension. In particular, we give the results at 4 loops for the quartic Casimir contribution, and for the full QED case, up to $varphi^6$ in th
The anomalous dimension of spin-1/2 baryon operators in QCD is derived at leading 1/Nf order using the minimal subtraction scheme. A residual ambiguity, originating from the presence of evanescent operators in dimensional regularization, is parametri
The Birkhoffs theorem states that any doubly stochastic matrix lies inside a convex polytope with the permutation matrices at the corners. It can be proven that a similar theorem holds for unitary matrices with equal line sums for prime dimensions.