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Tumour progression has been described as a sequence of traits or phenotypes that cells have to acquire if the neoplasm is to become an invasive and malignant cancer. Although the genetic mutations that lead to these phenotypes are random, the process by which some of these mutations become successful and spread is influenced by the tumour microenvironment and the presence of other phenotypes. It is thus likely that some phenotypes that are essential in tumour progression will emerge in the tumour population only with the prior presence of other different phenotypes. In this paper we use evolutionary game theory to analyse the interactions between three different tumour cell phenotypes defined by autonomous growth, anaerobic glycolysis, and cancer cell invasion. The model allows to understand certain specific aspects of glioma progression such as the emergence of diffuse tumour cell invasion in low-grade tumours. We find that the invasive phenotype is more likely to evolve after the appearance of the glycolytic phenotype which would explain the ubiquitous presence of invasive growth in malignant tumours. The result suggests that therapies which increase the fitness cost of switching to anaerobic glycolysis might decrease the probability of the emergence of more invasive phenotypes
Tumour cells have to acquire a number of capabilities if a neoplasm is to become a cancer. One of these key capabilities is increased motility which is needed for invasion of other tissues and metastasis. This paper presents a qualitative mathematica
A small but growing number of people are finding interesting parallels between ecosystems as studied by ecologists (think of a Savanna or the Amazon rain forest or a Coral reef) and tumours1-3. The idea of viewing cancer from an ecological perspectiv
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. AF prevalence increases with age, which is attributed to pathophysiological changes that aid AF initiation and perpetuation. Current state-of-the-art models are only capable of s
Environmental and genetic mutations can transform the cells in a co-operating healthy tissue into an ecosystem of individualistic tumour cells that compete for space and resources. Various selection forces are responsible for driving the evolution of
Many socio-economic and biological processes can be modeled as systems of interacting individuals. The behaviour of such systems can be often described within game-theoretic models. In these lecture notes, we introduce fundamental concepts of evoluti